Does SARS-CoV-2 affect neurodegenerative disorders? TLR2, a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 447 - 454

Published: April 8, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory system 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created significant challenges for scientists seeking to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify best therapies infected patients. Although ACE2 is a known receptor virus been shown mediate viral entry into lungs, accumulating reports highlight presence neurological symptoms resulting from infection. As expression low in central nervous (CNS), these are unlikely be ACE2-virus binding. In this review, we will discuss proposed interaction between Toll-like (TLR2) CNS. TLR2 an innate immune that recognizes exogenous microbial components but also interact with multiple components, including envelope (E) protein SARS-CoV-2. addition, plays important role pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD). Based on observations, hypothesize may play critical response infiltration CNS, thereby induction or acceleration AD PD pathologies

Language: Английский

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Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms Surrounding Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Neurological Features

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 4275 - 4275

Published: April 12, 2022

Many of the survivors novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are suffering from persistent symptoms, causing significant morbidity and decreasing their quality life, termed “post-COVID-19 syndrome” or “long COVID”. Understanding mechanisms surrounding PCS is vital to developing diagnosis, biomarkers, possible treatments. Here, we describe prevalence manifestations PCS, similarities with previous SARS epidemics. Furthermore, look at molecular behind neurological features where highlight important neural that may potentially be involved pharmacologically targeted, such as glutamate reuptake in astrocytes, role NMDA receptors transporters (EAAT2), ROS signaling, astrogliosis triggered by NF-κB KNDy neurons, hypothalamic networks involving Kiss1 (a ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)), among others. We reactive gliosis following SARS-CoV-2 CNS injury, well potential hypothalamus network manifestations.

Language: Английский

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The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury

Bioscience Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(7)

Published: June 20, 2022

Abstract Sepsis is one of the leading causes acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) common elements to all these mechanisms. Although three nitric synthase (NOS) isoforms constitutively expressed within kidneys, they contribute in different ways nitrergic signaling. While (eNOS) neuronal (nNOS) likely be main sources NO under basal conditions participate regulation renal hemodynamics, inducible isoform (iNOS) dramatically increased such as sepsis. The overexpression iNOS cortex a shunting blood this region, with consequent medullary ischemia Differences vascular reactivity among beds may also help explain failure condition. most vessels present vasoplegia do not respond vasoconstrictors, microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal beds, displaying similar constrictor responses control septic conditions. selective inhibition iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described ideal scenario. However, kidneys produced by important for immune defense. In sense, instead direct inhibition, targeting effectors guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, S-nitrosothiols, more interesting approach sepsis-AKI further investigation warranted.

Language: Английский

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Brain Fog: a Narrative Review of the Most Common Mysterious Cognitive Disorder in COVID-19

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(12), P. 9915 - 9926

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Human prion protein and prion-like misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on vitro vivo experimental evidence relating to disease, we extrapolate from the compelling that spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic infer its potential cause disease. We propose vaccine-induced synthesis can facilitate accumulation toxic fibrils neurons. outline various pathways through which these proteins could be expected distribute throughout body. review both cellular pathologies expression disease become more frequent those who have undergone mRNA vaccination. Specifically, describe protein’s contributions, via properties, neuroinflammation diseases; clotting disorders within vasculature; further risk due suppressed regulation context prevalent insulin resistance; other health complications. explain why characteristics relevant vaccine-related mRNA-induced than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. note an optimism apparent loss properties among current Omicron variants. acknowledge chain pathological events described this paper is only hypothetical not yet verified. also usher in, while grounded research literature, currently largely circumstantial, direct. Finally, implications our findings for general public, briefly discuss public recommendations feel need urgent consideration. An earlier version article was previously posted Authorea preprint server August 16, 2022.

Language: Английский

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