Hormone and Metabolic Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
56(02), С. 111 - 117
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2023
Abstract
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
led
to
the
development
of
various
vaccines.
Reports
have
emerged
suggesting
a
possible
association
between
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination
and
onset
thyroid
diseases.
This
review
explores
clinical
aspects
disorders
following
vaccination,
including
case
report
patient
with
concomitant
subacute
thyroiditis
(SAT)
Graves’
(GD)
blocking
thyrotropin
receptor
autoantibodies
(TSH-R-Ab)
vaccination.
SAT,
characterized
transient
inflammation
gland,
been
reported
after
GD,
an
autoimmune
hyperthyroidism,
also
observed
post-vaccination,
often
stimulating
TSH-R-Ab.
orbitopathy
(GO)
associated
in
patients
history
immune
disease.
unique
underscores
very
rare
condition
functional
hypothyroidism
relation
usefulness
analysis
TSH-R-Ab
that
can
provide
valuable
insights
into
pathogenesis
help
guide
treatment.
highlights
need
for
continued
monitoring
awareness
potential
thyroid-related
complications
JAMA,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
330(15), С. 1472 - 1472
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023
Importance
Overt
hyperthyroidism,
defined
as
suppressed
thyrotropin
(previously
thyroid-stimulating
hormone)
and
high
concentration
of
triiodothyronine
(T
3
)
and/or
free
thyroxine
(FT
4
),
affects
approximately
0.2%
to
1.4%
people
worldwide.
Subclinical
low
concentrations
normal
T
FT
,
0.7%
Untreated
hyperthyroidism
can
cause
cardiac
arrhythmias,
heart
failure,
osteoporosis,
adverse
pregnancy
outcomes.
It
may
lead
unintentional
weight
loss
is
associated
with
increased
mortality.
Observations
The
most
common
Graves
disease,
a
global
prevalence
2%
in
women
0.5%
men.
Other
causes
thyrotoxicosis
include
toxic
nodules
the
thyrotoxic
phase
thyroiditis.
Common
symptoms
anxiety,
insomnia,
palpitations,
loss,
diarrhea,
heat
intolerance.
Patients
disease
have
diffusely
enlarged
thyroid
gland,
stare,
or
exophthalmos
on
examination.
(ie,
which
develop
autonomous
function)
from
local
compression
structures
neck
by
such
dysphagia,
orthopnea,
voice
changes.
Etiology
typically
be
established
based
clinical
presentation,
function
tests,
thyrotropin-receptor
antibody
status.
Thyroid
scintigraphy
recommended
if
are
present
etiology
unclear.
Thyrotoxicosis
thyroiditis
observed
symptomatic
treated
supportive
care.
Treatment
options
for
overt
antithyroid
drugs,
radioactive
iodine
ablation,
surgery.
subclinical
patients
at
highest
risk
osteoporosis
cardiovascular
those
older
than
65
years
persistent
serum
level
less
0.1
mIU/L.
Conclusions
Relevance
Hyperthyroidism
2.5%
adults
worldwide
First-line
treatments
surgery,
treatment.
choices
should
individualized
patient
centered.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic,
caused
by
the
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
virus,
has
presented
multifaceted
health
challenges.
COVID-19
primarily
targets
system
but
also
affects
multiple
organ
systems,
including
endocrine
system.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
interactions
between
thyroid
function,
phase
of
COVID-19,
and
prolonged
symptoms
known
as
post-COVID
sequalae
or
long
COVID.
Several
studies
have
reported
that
can
induce
dysfunction,
leading
to
conditions
such
thyroiditis
alterations
in
hormone
levels.
mechanisms
through
which
SARS-CoV-2
include
direct
viral
infection
cells,
thyroiditis,
causes
inflammation
transient
sustained
well
an
excessive
systemic
immune
response
(cytokine
storm).
This
is
associated
with
elevated
levels
cytokines,
IL-6,
disrupt
function
lead
nonthyroidal
illness
(NTIS).
Medications
administered
during
phase,
corticosteroids
antiviral
drugs,
impact
actions.
involvement
gland
COVID,
postacute
sequelae
infection,
area
not
defined,
potential
implications
for
understanding
managing
this
condition.
Persistent
low-grade
affecting
over
time
ongoing
exacerbate
pre-existing
conditions.
Viral
infections,
SARS-CoV-2,
trigger
worsen
autoimmune
diseases,
Hashimoto’s
Graves’
disease.
Long
COVID
may
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
can,
turn,
affect
hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid
(HPT)
abnormal
function.
review
was
designed
systematically
capture
recent
literature
on
COVID-19-related
dysfunction
adult
population,
prognostic
consequences
effects
patients
A
comprehensive
search
PubMed
EMBASE
databases
conducted.
systematic
performed
based
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)
statement.
Study
quality
assessed
using
Critical
Appraisal
Skills
Programme
(CASP).
total
53
met
inclusion
criteria.
summarises
findings
provides
update
current
spectrum
disorders,
underscoring
complex
nature
its
far-reaching
impacts
human
health.
Drug Design Development and Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 18, С. 4215 - 4240
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
receptors
(ACE2R)
are
requisite
to
enter
the
host
cells
for
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2).
ACE2R
is
constitutive
and
functions
as
a
type
I
transmembrane
metallo-carboxypeptidase
in
renin-angiotensin
system
(RAS).
On
thyroid
follicular
cells,
allows
SARS-CoV-2
invade
gland,
impose
cytopathic
effects
produce
endocrine
abnormalities,
including
stiff
back,
neck
pain,
muscle
ache,
lethargy,
enlarged,
inflamed
gland
COVID-19
patients.
Further
damage
perpetuated
by
sudden
bursts
of
pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
which
suggestive
life-threatening
known
"cytokine
storm".
IL-1β,
IL-6,
IFN-γ,
TNF-α
identified
key
orchestrators
cytokine
storm.
These
inflammatory
mediators
upregulate
transcriptional
turnover
nuclear
factor-kappa
B
(NF-κB),
Janus
kinase/signal
transducer
activator
transcription
(JAK/STAT),
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK),
paving
pathway
storm-induced
dysfunctions
euthyroid
sick
syndrome,
autoimmune
diseases,
thyrotoxicosis
Targeted
therapies
with
corticosteroids
(dexamethasone),
JAK
inhibitor
(baricitinib),
nucleotide
analogue
(remdesivir)
N-acetyl-cysteine
have
demonstrated
effectiveness
terms
attenuating
severity
frequency
dysfunctions,
morbidity
mortality
Here,
we
review
pathogenesis
storms
mechanisms
pathways
that
establish
connection
between
disorder
COVID-19.
Moreover,
cross-talk
interactions
signalling
therapeutic
strategies
address
COVID-19-associated
diseases
also
discussed
herein.
SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations.,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2, С. 328 - 328
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024
Introduction:
Anemia
is
a
public
health
problem
that
affects
millions
of
children
worldwide,
especially
those
in
the
crucial
stage
development
spans
from
six
months
to
five
years.
Nutrition
plays
role
prevention
and
treatment
anemia
young
children.
Methods:
An
observational,
descriptive,
cross-sectional
study
was
carried
out
during
period
between
January
September
2023.
The
universe
composed
50
patients
ages
zero
years,
seen
consultation
said
center.
information
obtained
processed
through
SPSS
(Statistical
Package
for
Social
Sciences)
version
15
system.
Results:
52%
sample
were
male
48%
female.
54%
range
12
2
28%
3
5
while
18%
6
11
months.
36%
received
breast
milk
until
23
months,
24%
24
22%
it
at
time
survey
applied.
Regarding
frequency
feeding,
78%
fed
4
times
day,
on
other
hand,
20%
day
2%
day.
30%
consumed
eggs
days
old,
likewise
40%
ingested
meat
old.
Conclusions:
nutrition
feeding
pediatric
patient
with
challenge
current
times.
In
present
research,
there
predominance
sex.
age,
significant
percentage
which
their
nutritional
scheme
Cytokines and inflammation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
In
2023,
the
pandemic
of
new
coronavirus
infection
caused
by
SARS-CoV-2
was
declared
over
WHO.
Apparently,
has
become
a
seasonal
respiratory
viral
infection.
Among
problems
remaining
after
end
pandemic,
one
leading
places
is
occupied
post-Covid
syndrome
-
condition
associated
with
persistence
symptoms
COVID-19
or
reappearance
3
months
illness.
Most
common
features
are:
immune
dysregulation,
persistence,
continued
systemic
inflammation,
autoimmune
dysorders,
tromboses
and
endothelial
damage,
myocarditis,
ischemic
cardial
disease,
lung
fibrosis.
These
different
organ
dysfunctions
are
accompanied
neurological
complications.
Precise
pathophysiological
mechanisms
to
be
discovered.
The
review
addresses
issues
pathogenesis
syndrome.
