Thyroid Inflammation and Immunity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review and Case Study DOI

Eleni Lampropoulou,

C. Benz,

George J. Kahaly

et al.

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(02), P. 111 - 117

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the development of various vaccines. Reports have emerged suggesting a possible association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and onset thyroid diseases. This review explores clinical aspects disorders following vaccination, including case report patient with concomitant subacute thyroiditis (SAT) Graves’ (GD) blocking thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TSH-R-Ab) vaccination. SAT, characterized transient inflammation gland, been reported after GD, an autoimmune hyperthyroidism, also observed post-vaccination, often stimulating TSH-R-Ab. orbitopathy (GO) associated in patients history immune disease. unique underscores very rare condition functional hypothyroidism relation usefulness analysis TSH-R-Ab that can provide valuable insights into pathogenesis help guide treatment. highlights need for continued monitoring awareness potential thyroid-related complications

Language: Английский

Hyperthyroidism DOI
Sun Young Lee, Elizabeth N. Pearce

JAMA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 330(15), P. 1472 - 1472

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Importance Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and/or free thyroxine (FT 4 ), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% people worldwide. Subclinical low concentrations normal T FT , 0.7% Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, osteoporosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes. It may lead unintentional weight loss is associated with increased mortality. Observations The most common Graves disease, a global prevalence 2% in women 0.5% men. Other causes thyrotoxicosis include toxic nodules the thyrotoxic phase thyroiditis. Common symptoms anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, loss, diarrhea, heat intolerance. Patients disease have diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, stare, or exophthalmos on examination. (ie, which develop autonomous function) from local compression structures neck by such dysphagia, orthopnea, voice changes. Etiology typically be established based clinical presentation, function tests, thyrotropin-receptor antibody status. Thyroid scintigraphy recommended if are present etiology unclear. Thyrotoxicosis thyroiditis observed symptomatic treated supportive care. Treatment options for overt antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, surgery. subclinical patients at highest risk osteoporosis cardiovascular those older than 65 years persistent serum level less 0.1 mIU/L. Conclusions Relevance Hyperthyroidism 2.5% adults worldwide First-line treatments surgery, treatment. choices should individualized patient centered.

Language: Английский

Citations

102
Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 DOI
David Tak Wai Lui, Chi‐Ho Lee,

Yu Cho Woo

et al.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 336 - 348

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons

Anisha Panesar,

Palma Gharanei,

Natasha Khovanova

et al.

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets system but also affects multiple organ systems, including endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests interactions between thyroid function, phase of COVID-19, and prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID sequalae or long COVID. Several studies have reported that can induce dysfunction, leading to conditions such thyroiditis alterations in hormone levels. mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 include direct viral infection cells, thyroiditis, causes inflammation transient sustained well an excessive systemic immune response (cytokine storm). This is associated with elevated levels cytokines, IL-6, disrupt function lead nonthyroidal illness (NTIS). Medications administered during phase, corticosteroids antiviral drugs, impact actions. involvement gland COVID, postacute sequelae infection, area not defined, potential implications for understanding managing this condition. Persistent low-grade affecting over time ongoing exacerbate pre-existing conditions. Viral infections, SARS-CoV-2, trigger worsen autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto’s Graves’ disease. Long COVID may hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, can, turn, affect hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) abnormal function. review was designed systematically capture recent literature on COVID-19-related dysfunction adult population, prognostic consequences effects patients A comprehensive search PubMed EMBASE databases conducted. systematic performed based Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Study quality assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). total 53 met inclusion criteria. summarises findings provides update current spectrum disorders, underscoring complex nature its far-reaching impacts human health.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Cytokine Storm-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches DOI Creative Commons
Ali Attiq, Sheryar Afzal, Habibah A. Wahab

et al.

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 4215 - 4240

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2R) are requisite to enter the host cells for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). ACE2R is constitutive and functions as a type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase in renin-angiotensin system (RAS). On thyroid follicular cells, allows SARS-CoV-2 invade gland, impose cytopathic effects produce endocrine abnormalities, including stiff back, neck pain, muscle ache, lethargy, enlarged, inflamed gland COVID-19 patients. Further damage perpetuated by sudden bursts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which suggestive life-threatening known "cytokine storm". IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α identified key orchestrators cytokine storm. These inflammatory mediators upregulate transcriptional turnover nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer activator transcription (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), paving pathway storm-induced dysfunctions euthyroid sick syndrome, autoimmune diseases, thyrotoxicosis Targeted therapies with corticosteroids (dexamethasone), JAK inhibitor (baricitinib), nucleotide analogue (remdesivir) N-acetyl-cysteine have demonstrated effectiveness terms attenuating severity frequency dysfunctions, morbidity mortality Here, we review pathogenesis storms mechanisms pathways that establish connection between disorder COVID-19. Moreover, cross-talk interactions signalling therapeutic strategies address COVID-19-associated diseases also discussed herein.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Long COVID and pituitary dysfunctions: a bidirectional relationship? DOI
Luigi di Filippo,

Vincenzo Franzese,

Simona Santoro

et al.

Pituitary, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 955 - 969

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction DOI
Ruixi Li,

Ting He,

Zhichao Xing

et al.

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 103783 - 103783

Published: March 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Deciphering the Thyroid Enigma: Exploring the Global Impact of COVID-19on Autoimmune Pathways and Euthyroid Patients DOI

Jennifer Lizcano Ramírez,

Jaritza Lissette Delgado Gonzales,

M. Contreras

et al.

SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 328 - 328

Published: June 27, 2024

Introduction: Anemia is a public health problem that affects millions of children worldwide, especially those in the crucial stage development spans from six months to five years. Nutrition plays role prevention and treatment anemia young children. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out during period between January September 2023. The universe composed 50 patients ages zero years, seen consultation said center. information obtained processed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 15 system. Results: 52% sample were male 48% female. 54% range 12 2 28% 3 5 while 18% 6 11 months. 36% received breast milk until 23 months, 24% 24 22% it at time survey applied. Regarding frequency feeding, 78% fed 4 times day, on other hand, 20% day 2% day. 30% consumed eggs days old, likewise 40% ingested meat old. Conclusions: nutrition feeding pediatric patient with challenge current times. In present research, there predominance sex. age, significant percentage which their nutritional scheme

Language: Английский

Citations

3
On the post-COVID syndrome pathogenesis DOI Creative Commons

Nikolay Klimov,

А. С. Симбирцев

Cytokines and inflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

In 2023, the pandemic of new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared over WHO. Apparently, has become a seasonal respiratory viral infection. Among problems remaining after end pandemic, one leading places is occupied post-Covid syndrome - condition associated with persistence symptoms COVID-19 or reappearance 3 months illness. Most common features are: immune dysregulation, persistence, continued systemic inflammation, autoimmune dysorders, tromboses and endothelial damage, myocarditis, ischemic cardial disease, lung fibrosis. These different organ dysfunctions are accompanied neurological complications. Precise pathophysiological mechanisms to be discovered. The review addresses issues pathogenesis syndrome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
From infection to autoimmunity: can COVID-19 spark new auto-immune Conditions? DOI Creative Commons
Mourad Elghali, Mariem Mhiri,

I. Chaâbene

et al.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 102216 - 102216

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Prise en charge de la maladie de Basedow dans l’Ouest algérien DOI

I. Sefraoui Khelil,

M. Chakouri

Médecine Nucléaire, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2025

Citations

0