Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms – Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 930, С. 172521 - 172521

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Agricultural practitioners, researchers and policymakers are increasingly advocating for integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use while preserving crop productivity profitability. Using selective pesticides, putatively designed act on pests minimising impacts off-target organisms, is one such option – yet evidence of whether these chemicals control without adversely affecting natural enemies other beneficial species (henceforth beneficials) remains scarce. At present, the selection pesticides compatible with IPM often considers a single (or limited number of) widely distributed species, considering undesired effects co-occurring beneficials. In this study, we conducted standardised laboratory bioassays assess acute toxicity 20 15 at multiple exposure timepoints, specific aims to: (1) identify common diverging patterns in responses tested beneficials; (2) determine if effect beetles, wasps mites consistent across within groups; (3) impact mortality assessment timepoints International Organisation Biological Control (IOBC) classifications. Our work demonstrates that most cases, chemical toxicities cannot be generalised range insects providing biological control, finding was found even when comparing among closely related mites. Additionally, show increase length, pointing limitations IOBC protocols. This challenges notion can adequately 'representative' species; instead, it highlights need careful consideration testing regionally seasonally relevant species.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the sub‐lethal impacts of insecticides on aphid parasitoids through laboratory‐based studies

Austral Entomology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(1), С. 119 - 129

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Abstract Aphids are a major pest of cropping systems throughout the world. In most cases, crop aphids controlled with broad‐spectrum insecticides; although generally very effective at preventing yield loss, this approach risks non‐target damage to beneficial organisms. last 20 years, number selective insecticides have become available control while minimising harm other arthropods. Previous studies found that two such insecticides, flonicamid and afidopyropen, cause only low‐level acute mortality impacts on aphid parasitoids in Australian grain crops. However, little research has examined sub‐lethal effects these chemicals, which could induce various physiological changes impact control. We hypothesised both afidopyropen negative extend beyond immediate previously published. To test hypothesis, we undertook series experiments determine along synthetic pyrethroid gamma‐cyhalothrin, parasitism (mummification) rate, emergence rate next generation sex ratio three important parasitoids, Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman). Analogous previous research, our toxicity bioassays showed all had low (<30%) impacts. Although not be assessed for D. due level by species, findings fecundity surviving A. . Of particular note is increase International Organisation Biological Control ratings moderate (30%–80% and/or reproductive reduction) when reduced were combined overall fitness Gamma‐cyhalothrin typically resulted higher A (compared afidopyropen); however, quite surprisingly, rated as highly toxic. Taken together, results suggest that, even considered, useful tools farmers targeting populations parasitoids. recommend semi‐field field trials further assess parasitoid populations.

Язык: Английский

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Insecticides may compromise the benefits of tree-crop diversification on arthropod biodiversity in cocoa agroforestry smallholdings

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(8), С. 1068 - 1093

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Arthropods play vital roles in ecosystem functions, yet their distribution is subjected to environmental factors. Hence, this study investigates the impact of habitat features on arthropod communities within cocoa smallholdings under different farming practices: agroforestry and monoculture systems. We conducted sampling using yellow sticky traps assessed at each plantation twice capture temporal variations populations. The recorded 2945 individual arthropods belonging eight functional groups. most abundant group was saprophagous, followed by phytophagous, parasitoid, predator, mycetophagous, frugivorous, palynivore, nectarivorous group. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), we found that abundance phytophagous predatory increases with leaf litter, while it decreases saprophagous arthropods. Our findings suggest tree-crop diversification can a significant role preserving higher biodiversity, particularly when these remain free from chemical insecticide use. Canopy cover also positively affect variability indicating crucial factor affecting biodiversity. This underscores significance integrating systems into production landscapes, those utilizing agrochemicals, support diverse promote sustainable production.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of afidopyropen on the functional response and associated parameters of Trichogramma evanescens

Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 38(1), С. 9 - 14

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

Afidopyropen, with a unique mode of action that modulates the chordotonal organ transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, serves as promising insecticide against sap-sucking pests, particularly aphids. However, when targeting aphids, afidopyropen can affect non-target organisms such Trichogramma species inhabiting same habitats. The information regarding effects on is limited, and there an urgent need to expand our knowledge in this area. This study investigated treatment type functional response associated parameters, attack coefficient handling time, evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females treated at pupal stage. findings clearly revealed did not change since both control-treated parasitoids exhibited III response. Afidopyropen treatments host time parasitoid either. had lower compared control group. suggest does alter strategy T. evanescens, although it impaired may pose threat natural effectiveness parasitoid. current highlights requirement further investigations aimed determining insects.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Research on Overlooked Invertebrates in Biological Control: A Case Study of Local Hoverflies and Wolf Spiders

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 1203 - 1203

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Preserving natural enemies in agricultural landscapes is a cornerstone of biological pest control, and avoiding insecticides miticides that harm non-target species key strategy to support naturally occurring populations the field. Current research on impacts these chemicals often biased toward small number commercially cultured species, leaving important knowledge gaps for those groups occur at local scales. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae), both globally invertebrates systems, have been under-researched due challenges field collection laboratory cultivation species. This study helps address by evaluating effects several widely used Australian hoverflies (Melangyna sp.) (Venatrix spp.) as case with detailed descriptions rearing testing methodologies. The results from standardised chemical toxicity showed Venatrix spp. were relatively tolerant various chemicals, highlighting their potential role Integrated management (IPM) strategies combine control methods. In contrast, Melangyna sp. was sensitive numerous tested, including some are regarded safe These findings emphasise need expand underrepresented enemy effectively efforts Specifically, methodologies developed this can be adapted facilitate further locally hoverfly spider other regions.

Язык: Английский

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Adverse Effects of Pesticides on Environment and Non-target organisms

Pizhūhish va fanāvarī-i muḥīṭ-i zīst., Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(16), С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms – Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Abstract Agricultural practitioners, researchers and policymakers are increasingly advocating for integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use while preserving crop productivity profitability. Selective pesticides, putatively designed act on pests minimising impacts off-target organisms, have emerged as one such option – yet evidence of whether these compounds control without adversely affecting natural enemies other beneficial species (henceforth beneficials) remains scarce. At present, the selection pesticides compatible with IPM often considers a single (or limited number of) widely distributed species, considering undesired effects co-occurring beneficials. In this study, we conducted standardised laboratory bioassays assess acute toxicity 20 chemicals 15 at multiple exposure timepoints, specific aims to: (1) identify common diverging patterns in responses tested beneficials; (2) determine if effect beetles, wasps mites is consistent across within groups; (3) impact mortality assessment timepoints International Organisation Biological Control (IOBC) classifications. Our work demonstrates that most cases, chemical toxicities cannot be generalised range insects providing biological control, finding was found even when comparing among closely related mites. Additionally, show increase length, pointing limitations IOBC protocols. This challenges notion can adequately ‘representative’ species; instead it highlights need careful consideration testing regionally seasonally relevant species.

Язык: Английский

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Harmonising control: understanding the complex impact of pesticides on parasitoid wasps for enhanced pest management

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 65, С. 101236 - 101236

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Preimaginal treatment of Trichogramma evanescens and T. pintoi with two novel insecticides, afidopyropen and broflanilide: the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects

Journal of Pest Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Afidopyropen as a potential tool for Potato leafroll virus management in post-neonicotinoid potato production

Journal of Economic Entomology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 116(3), С. 713 - 718

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Abstract Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) has been well managed by neonicotinoids since their widespread adoption in the United States, becoming virtually absent from seed and production fields Northwest. However, with increasing interest discontinuing neonicotinoid usage, there is concern that PLRV could enjoy a resurgence absence of effective alternative chemistries. We tested effects afidopyropen, an insecticide novel mode action, on transmission feeding/probing behavior its primary vector, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]). Afidopyropen foliar sprays decreased individual aphids relative to water controls: acquisition treated potato plants subsequent was reduced 89%, inoculation viruliferous 35%. Although electropenetrograph analyses following 4-h recordings showed decreases total mean duration phloem feeding (E) subject afidopyropen treatment water, these only trended toward significance. Taken together, results suggest can decrease potatoes, but significant changes might not occur quickly post-exposure. Overall, while reductions were as dramatic have observed treatments, may be useful should evaluated field experiments.

Язык: Английский

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