Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms – Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 930, P. 172521 - 172521

Published: April 17, 2024

Agricultural practitioners, researchers and policymakers are increasingly advocating for integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use while preserving crop productivity profitability. Using selective pesticides, putatively designed act on pests minimising impacts off-target organisms, is one such option – yet evidence of whether these chemicals control without adversely affecting natural enemies other beneficial species (henceforth beneficials) remains scarce. At present, the selection pesticides compatible with IPM often considers a single (or limited number of) widely distributed species, considering undesired effects co-occurring beneficials. In this study, we conducted standardised laboratory bioassays assess acute toxicity 20 15 at multiple exposure timepoints, specific aims to: (1) identify common diverging patterns in responses tested beneficials; (2) determine if effect beetles, wasps mites consistent across within groups; (3) impact mortality assessment timepoints International Organisation Biological Control (IOBC) classifications. Our work demonstrates that most cases, chemical toxicities cannot be generalised range insects providing biological control, finding was found even when comparing among closely related mites. Additionally, show increase length, pointing limitations IOBC protocols. This challenges notion can adequately 'representative' species; instead, it highlights need careful consideration testing regionally seasonally relevant species.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the sub‐lethal impacts of insecticides on aphid parasitoids through laboratory‐based studies

Austral Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 119 - 129

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Aphids are a major pest of cropping systems throughout the world. In most cases, crop aphids controlled with broad‐spectrum insecticides; although generally very effective at preventing yield loss, this approach risks non‐target damage to beneficial organisms. last 20 years, number selective insecticides have become available control while minimising harm other arthropods. Previous studies found that two such insecticides, flonicamid and afidopyropen, cause only low‐level acute mortality impacts on aphid parasitoids in Australian grain crops. However, little research has examined sub‐lethal effects these chemicals, which could induce various physiological changes impact control. We hypothesised both afidopyropen negative extend beyond immediate previously published. To test hypothesis, we undertook series experiments determine along synthetic pyrethroid gamma‐cyhalothrin, parasitism (mummification) rate, emergence rate next generation sex ratio three important parasitoids, Aphidius colemani (Viereck), Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman). Analogous previous research, our toxicity bioassays showed all had low (<30%) impacts. Although not be assessed for D. due level by species, findings fecundity surviving A. . Of particular note is increase International Organisation Biological Control ratings moderate (30%–80% and/or reproductive reduction) when reduced were combined overall fitness Gamma‐cyhalothrin typically resulted higher A (compared afidopyropen); however, quite surprisingly, rated as highly toxic. Taken together, results suggest that, even considered, useful tools farmers targeting populations parasitoids. recommend semi‐field field trials further assess parasitoid populations.

Language: Английский

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Effect of afidopyropen on the functional response and associated parameters of Trichogramma evanescens

Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 9 - 14

Published: April 9, 2025

Afidopyropen, with a unique mode of action that modulates the chordotonal organ transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, serves as promising insecticide against sap-sucking pests, particularly aphids. However, when targeting aphids, afidopyropen can affect non-target organisms such Trichogramma species inhabiting same habitats. The information regarding effects on is limited, and there an urgent need to expand our knowledge in this area. This study investigated treatment type functional response associated parameters, attack coefficient handling time, evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females treated at pupal stage. findings clearly revealed did not change since both control-treated parasitoids exhibited III response. Afidopyropen treatments host time parasitoid either. had lower compared control group. suggest does alter strategy T. evanescens, although it impaired may pose threat natural effectiveness parasitoid. current highlights requirement further investigations aimed determining insects.

Language: Английский

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Insecticides may compromise the benefits of tree-crop diversification on arthropod biodiversity in cocoa agroforestry smallholdings

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(8), P. 1068 - 1093

Published: May 1, 2024

Arthropods play vital roles in ecosystem functions, yet their distribution is subjected to environmental factors. Hence, this study investigates the impact of habitat features on arthropod communities within cocoa smallholdings under different farming practices: agroforestry and monoculture systems. We conducted sampling using yellow sticky traps assessed at each plantation twice capture temporal variations populations. The recorded 2945 individual arthropods belonging eight functional groups. most abundant group was saprophagous, followed by phytophagous, parasitoid, predator, mycetophagous, frugivorous, palynivore, nectarivorous group. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), we found that abundance phytophagous predatory increases with leaf litter, while it decreases saprophagous arthropods. Our findings suggest tree-crop diversification can a significant role preserving higher biodiversity, particularly when these remain free from chemical insecticide use. Canopy cover also positively affect variability indicating crucial factor affecting biodiversity. This underscores significance integrating systems into production landscapes, those utilizing agrochemicals, support diverse promote sustainable production.

Language: Английский

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Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms – Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Agricultural practitioners, researchers and policymakers are increasingly advocating for integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use while preserving crop productivity profitability. Selective pesticides, putatively designed act on pests minimising impacts off-target organisms, have emerged as one such option – yet evidence of whether these compounds control without adversely affecting natural enemies other beneficial species (henceforth beneficials) remains scarce. At present, the selection pesticides compatible with IPM often considers a single (or limited number of) widely distributed species, considering undesired effects co-occurring beneficials. In this study, we conducted standardised laboratory bioassays assess acute toxicity 20 chemicals 15 at multiple exposure timepoints, specific aims to: (1) identify common diverging patterns in responses tested beneficials; (2) determine if effect beetles, wasps mites is consistent across within groups; (3) impact mortality assessment timepoints International Organisation Biological Control (IOBC) classifications. Our work demonstrates that most cases, chemical toxicities cannot be generalised range insects providing biological control, finding was found even when comparing among closely related mites. Additionally, show increase length, pointing limitations IOBC protocols. This challenges notion can adequately ‘representative’ species; instead it highlights need careful consideration testing regionally seasonally relevant species.

Language: Английский

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Harmonising control: understanding the complex impact of pesticides on parasitoid wasps for enhanced pest management

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 101236 - 101236

Published: July 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Preimaginal treatment of Trichogramma evanescens and T. pintoi with two novel insecticides, afidopyropen and broflanilide: the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Afidopyropen as a potential tool for Potato leafroll virus management in post-neonicotinoid potato production

Journal of Economic Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116(3), P. 713 - 718

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) has been well managed by neonicotinoids since their widespread adoption in the United States, becoming virtually absent from seed and production fields Northwest. However, with increasing interest discontinuing neonicotinoid usage, there is concern that PLRV could enjoy a resurgence absence of effective alternative chemistries. We tested effects afidopyropen, an insecticide novel mode action, on transmission feeding/probing behavior its primary vector, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]). Afidopyropen foliar sprays decreased individual aphids relative to water controls: acquisition treated potato plants subsequent was reduced 89%, inoculation viruliferous 35%. Although electropenetrograph analyses following 4-h recordings showed decreases total mean duration phloem feeding (E) subject afidopyropen treatment water, these only trended toward significance. Taken together, results suggest can decrease potatoes, but significant changes might not occur quickly post-exposure. Overall, while reductions were as dramatic have observed treatments, may be useful should evaluated field experiments.

Language: Английский

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Toxicity and Lethal Effect of Greenhouse Insecticides on Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as Biological Control Agent of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Toxics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 584 - 584

Published: July 5, 2023

Deltamethrin and imidacloprid are commonly used insecticides for controlling sub-sucking insects in greenhouses. However, their application may cause sublethal effects on the aphid coccinellid predator Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Here, we study (i) toxicity effect of two doses (LD10 LD30) deltamethrin C. a laboratory microcosm (ii) residual greenhouse. The results showed that both reduced fecundity, longevity, intrinsic rate increase, finite increase net reproductive rate. developmental time fourth instar larvae was prolonged by at LD10 LD30. residues were toxic 21 DAT (days after treatment) to larvae. In contrast, began slightly harmful category (75%) 1 declined harmless (18.33%) DAT. These indicate have potential risks septempunctata. This provides information guide development integrated pest management (IPM) strategies

Language: Английский

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Effective Biological Control of the Pollen Beetle in Oilseed Rape in Finland: How Insecticide Use in Cereals Disrupts the System

CABI eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 191 - 204

Published: March 26, 2024

Ecostacking strategies for any specific situation in agriculture depend on the cropping system, location and landscape. There needs to be an overall umbrella of ecostacking insights principles, which science can provide, but farmers are ultimately ones who adopt techniques improve their business. This chapter is example where provides necessary evidence into developing rapeseed systems conditions Finland. It intended as inspiration develop similar approaches elsewhere, other situations. We show how, under Finnish conditions, parasitic wasps will able provide complete biological control target pest, pollen beetle, damaging crop. system only succeed if wasp populations conserved, not periodically killed by measures targeting cereal aphids. The we describe this first step gain a sustainable, robust growing

Language: Английский

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