Abstract
Candidozyma
auris
(formerly
Candida
)
is
a
multidrug-resistant
yeast
that
poses
significant
global
health
threat
due
to
its
ability
form
biofilms
and
resist
various
antifungal
treatments.
This
study
evaluates
compares
the
efficacy
of
biologically
synthesized
zinc
oxide
nanoparticles
(ZnO-NP-B)
chemically
ZnO
(ZnO-NP-C1
ZnO-NP-C2),
developed
using
dry–wet
chemical
method
sol–gel
method,
respectively.
ZnO-NP-B
was
Lactobacillus
gasseri
.
The
were
characterized
for
size,
charge,
morphology
Particle
Size
Analyzer,
photon
correlation
spectroscopy
with
90
Plus
Zetasizer,
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
respectively
activity
assessed
through
minimum
inhibitory
concentration
(MIC
50
determination,
biofilm
inhibition
assays
by
XTT
assay,
gene
expression
analysis.
ZnO-NP-C1
exhibited
highest
against
C.
planktonic
cells,
MIC
value
61.9
±
3.3
µg/ml,
followed
ZnO-NP-C2
(151
7.83
µg/ml),
whereas
showed
limited
=
1
mg/ml).
Chemically
ZnO-NPs,
particularly
ZnO-NP-C2,
did
not
induce
overexpression
resistance
genes
(
CDR1,
MDR1,
ERG2,
ERG11,
FKS1,
CHS1
),
triggered
their
upregulation,
potentially
promoting
resistance.
most
effective
in
preventing
formation,
reducing
adhesion
67.9
2.35%
at
150
while
negligible
inhibition.
Gene
analysis
further
confirmed
significantly
downregulated
adhesive
ALS5,
IFF4,
CSA1
up
0.37
0.006,
0.043
0.002,
0.06
0.0004,
These
findings
highlight
potential
as
promising
agent
biofilms,
emphasizing
critical
role
synthesis
methods
optimizing
nanoparticle
properties
applications.
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 46 - 46
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Background/Objectives:
This
study
aims
to
characterize
antibiotic
resistance
(AR)
and
virulence
markers
in
Salmonella
spp.
isolated
from
Romanian
outpatients’
stool
samples.
Methods:
In
2019,
community-acquired
strains
were
collected
identified
using
MALDI-TOF
mass
spectrometry,
susceptibility
profiles
have
been
determined
with
the
MicroScan
system,
soluble
factors
evaluated
specific
culture
media,
while
biofilm
formation
was
quantified
96-well
plates.
Molecular
analysis
targeted
genes
for
β-lactams
(e.g.,
blaTEM
blaSHV);
tetracyclines
tet(A));
sulphonamides;
quinolones,
as
well
invA,
spvC,
pldA,
held).
Whole-genome
sequencing
(WGS)
performed
on
19
selected
isolates.
A
silver
nanoparticles
(AgNPsol)
alternative
conventional
antibiotics
tested
effectiveness
against
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
Results:
From
total
of
309
isolates
(65.05%
children
under
4
years
age)
belonging
four
subtypes
serovars,
27.86%
showed
at
least
one
antibiotic,
most
frequently
tetracycline,
ampicillin,
piperacillin.
The
expressed
haemolysin
(67%),
aesculinase
(65%),
gelatinase
(62%).
Resistance
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
encoded
by
sul1
gene
44.83%
tet(A)
(59.52%).
ESBL
blaTEM,
blaSHV,
blaCTX-M
detected
PCR
16.18%,
2.91%,
0.65%
strains,
respectively.
Additionally,
98.63%
carried
invA
marker,
notable
positive
associations
between
qnrB,
spvC.
Conclusions:
present
findings
revealed
significant
patterns
isolates,
subtypes,
AR,
virulence,
emphasising
need
continuous
surveillance
infections.
potential
AgNPs
an
treatment
option
demonstrated,
particularly
paediatric
S.
enterica
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 307 - 315
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025
Engineered
living
materials
(ELMs)
integrate
aspects
of
material
science
and
biology
into
a
unique
platform,
leading
to
devices
with
features
life.
Among
those,
ELMs
containing
microalgae
have
received
increased
attention
due
the
many
benefits
photosynthetic
organisms
provide.
Due
their
relatively
recent
occurrence,
still
face
challenges
related
reliability,
lifetime,
scalability,
more,
often
based
on
complicated
crosstalk
cellular,
material-based,
environmental
variables
in
time.
This
Viewpoint
aims
summarize
potential
avenues
for
improving
ELMs,
beginning
an
emphasis
understanding
cell's
perspective
stresses
imposed
them
recurring
flaws
current
ELMs.
Potential
solutions
ease
implementation
will
be
discussed,
ranging
from
choice
organism,
adjustments
ELM
design,
various
genetic
modification
tools,
so
as
achieve
longer
lifetime
improved
functionality.
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 100557 - 100557
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
The
widespread
and
indiscriminate
use
of
biocides
poses
significant
threats
to
global
health,
socioeconomic
development,
environmental
sustainability
by
accelerating
antibiotic
resistance.
Bacterial
resistance
development
is
highly
complex
influenced
significantly
factors.
Increased
biocide
usage
in
households,
agriculture,
livestock
farming,
industrial
settings,
hospitals
produces
persistent
chemical
residues
that
pollute
soil
aquatic
environments.
Such
contaminants
contribute
the
selection
proliferation
resistant
bacteria
antimicrobial
genes
(ARGs),
facilitating
their
dissemination
among
humans,
animals,
ecosystems.
In
this
review,
we
conduct
a
critical
assessment
four
issues
pertaining
topic.
Specifically,
(i)
role
exerting
selective
pressure
within
resistome,
thereby
promoting
microbial
populations
contributing
spread
(ARGs);
(ii)
triggering
transient
phenotypic
adaptations
bacteria,
including
efflux
pump
overexpression,
membrane
alterations,
reduced
porin
expression,
which
often
result
cross-resistance
multiple
antibiotics;
(iii)
capacity
disrupt
make
genetic
content
accessible,
releasing
DNA
into
environment
remains
intact
under
certain
conditions,
horizontal
gene
transfer
determinants;
(iv)
bacterial
cells,
enhancing
interactions
between
biofilms
environment,
strengthening
biofilm
cohesion,
inducing
mechanisms,
creating
reservoirs
for
microorganisms
ARG
dissemination.
Collectively,
review
highlights
public
health
implications
use,
emphasizing
an
urgent
need
strategic
interventions
mitigate
proliferation.
Children,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(7), С. 816 - 816
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Background/Objectives:
The
tongue
harbors
about
two-thirds
of
the
microorganisms
present
in
mouth;
stable
bacterial
population
consists
mainly
aerobic
and
facultative
anaerobic
streptococci.
These
colonies,
found
more
frequently
on
than
outside
hard
part
dental
enamel
children
younger
18
months,
suggest
that
is
a
potential
reservoir.
aim
this
review
to
examine
scientific
literature
clarify
whether
mechanical
removal
biofilm
can
have
positive
effect
caries
prevention,
with
reduction
colony-forming
unit
(CFU)
salivary
streptococcus
whole-mouth
plaque
index
(FMPS).
Methods:
An
open
search
was
conducted
by
using
PubMed
(MEDLINE),
Cochrane
Library
Google
Scholar.
most
studied
age
range
9
12
years,
groups
no
minimum
number
two
teeth
were
reconstructed,
decayed
and/or
missing
(DMFS/dmfs
>
2)
who
experienced
different
hygiene
methods
for
first
time.
Results:
Four
randomized
trials
met
criteria
included
review.
Conclusions:
results
obtained
specific
protocols,
combined
healthy
diet
lifestyle,
could
be
considered
gold
standard
enable
effective
primary
prevention
improve
health
pediatric
patients.
This
improves
understanding
impact
controlling
bacteria
responsible
onset
carious
disease
its
systemic
correlates;
however,
further
research
data
needed
confirm
findings
research.
Microbiology Spectrum,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(10)
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024
ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
is
well-known
for
its
antimicrobial
resistance
and
the
ability
to
survive
in
harsh
environmental
conditions
due
an
abundance
of
mechanisms,
including
formation
biofilms
production
exopolysaccharides.
Exopolysaccharides
are
among
major
components
extracellular
matrix
aggregates
P.
.
Although
their
contribution
antibiotic
has
been
previously
shown,
roles
oxidative
stressors
remain
largely
elusive.
Here,
we
studied
function
exopolysaccharides
Psl
Pel
commonly
used
disinfectants
strong
oxidizing
agents
NaOCl
H
2
O
We
observed
that
simultaneous
inactivation
PAO1
mutant
strain
∆
pslA
pelF
resulted
a
significant
increase
susceptibility
both
Further
analyses
revealed
more
important
stress
form
(i.e.,
cell-associated
or
cell-free)
did
not
affect
susceptibility.
Additionally,
show
Psl/Pel-negative
strains
protected
against
co-culture
with
WT.
Taken
together,
our
results
demonstrate
EPS
and,
specifically,
exhibit
protective
functions
such
as
IMPORTANCE
Biofilms
microbial
communities
cells
embedded
self-produced
polymeric
composed
polysaccharides,
proteins,
lipids,
DNA.
Biofilm
bacteria
have
shown
possess
unique
characteristics,
increased
higher
tolerance,
leading
failures
bacterial
eradication
during
chronic
infections
technical
settings,
drinking
wastewater
industries.
Previous
studies
addition
conferring
structure
stability
biofilms,
polysaccharides
also
involved
resistance.
This
work
provides
evidence
these
biofilm
contribute
widely
disinfectant
NaOCl.
Understanding
mechanisms
by
which
escape
agents,
oxidants,
urgently
needed
fight
will
help
developing
new
strategies
eliminate
resistant
any
environmental,
industrial,
clinical
setting.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024
Abstract
Candida
auris
has
emerged
as
a
significant
global
health
threat
due
to
its
multidrug
resistance
and
ability
form
robust
biofilms,
particularly
on
medical
devices
hospital
surfaces.
Biofilms
protect
C.
from
antifungal
treatments
the
host
immune
response,
making
infections
persistent
difficult
control.
This
review
explores
potential
of
nanoparticles
overcome
limitations
traditional
therapies
in
combating
biofilms.
Nanoparticles,
with
their
unique
physicochemical
properties,
offer
promising
strategies
penetrate
biofilm
matrices,
deliver
agents,
disrupt
structure.
Various
types
nanoparticles,
including
metallic,
polymeric,
lipid-based,
cyclodextrin-based,
demonstrate
enhanced
penetration
activity.
Their
generate
reactive
oxygen
species,
cell
adhesion,
release
antifungals
controlled
manner
makes
them
ideal
candidates
for
biofilm-targeted
therapies.
presents
current
advancements
nanoparticle-based
solutions,
emphasizing
need
further
research
into
mechanisms
action,
safety,
clinical
application.
By
addressing
challenge
biofilms
specifically,
this
provides
critical
synthesis
existing
knowledge
identifies
future
directions
developing
effective
using
nanotechnology.
Graphical
abstract
