Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
that
share
components
of
their
parent
cells
and
attractive
in
biotechnology
biomedical
research
as
potential
disease
biomarkers
well
therapeutic
agents.
Crucial
to
realizing
this
is
the
ability
manufacture
high-quality
exosomes;
however,
unlike
biologics
such
proteins,
exosomes
lack
standardized
Good
Manufacturing
Practices
for
processing
characterization.
Furthermore,
there
a
well-characterized
reference
exosome
materials
aid
selection
methods
isolation,
purification,
analysis.
This
review
informs
technology
development
by
comparing
characterization
recommending
workflows.
also
provides
detailed
introduction
exosomes,
including
physical
chemical
properties,
roles
normal
biological
processes
progression,
summarizes
some
on-going
clinical
trials.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(7)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2021
Abstract
Urine
is
commonly
used
for
clinical
diagnosis
and
biomedical
research.
The
discovery
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EV)
in
urine
opened
a
new
fast‐growing
scientific
field.
In
the
last
decade
urinary
(uEVs)
were
shown
to
mirror
molecular
processes
as
well
physiological
pathological
conditions
kidney,
urothelial
prostate
tissue.
Therefore,
several
methods
isolate
characterize
uEVs
have
been
developed.
However,
methodological
aspects
EV
separation
analysis,
including
normalization
results,
need
further
optimization
standardization
foster
advances
uEV
research
subsequent
successful
translation
into
practice.
This
position
paper
written
by
Task
Force
Rigor
Standardization
Subcommittee
ISEV
consisting
nephrologists,
urologists,
cardiologists
biologists
with
active
experience
Our
aim
present
state
art
identify
challenges
gaps
current
uEV‐based
analyses
applications.
Finally,
recommendations
improved
rigor,
reproducibility
interoperability
are
provided
order
facilitate
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
93(3), С. 1709 - 1716
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2020
Tumor
exosomes
are
promising
biomarkers
for
early
cancer
diagnosis
in
a
noninvasive
manner.
However,
precise
capture
and
direct
analysis
of
tumor-specific
complex
biological
samples
still
challenging.
Herein,
we
present
highly
efficient
dual-aptamer
recognition
system
precisely
isolating
quantifying
tumor
from
the
environment
based
on
hyperbranched
DNA
superstructure-facilitated
signal
amplification
ratiometric
dual-signal
strategies.
When
were
captured
by
system,
cholesterol-modified
probe
was
anchored
surface
exosomes,
activating
tetrahedron-based
hybridization
chain
reaction
to
generate
sandwich
complex.
Then,
could
bind
large
number
Ru(NH3)63+
(Ru(III)),
leading
small
amount
unbound
Ru(III)
left
supernatant
after
magnetic
separation.
Hence,
redox
between
Ru(II)
[Fe(CN)6]3–
(Fe(III))
significantly
prevented,
causing
an
obviously
enhanced
IFe(III)/IRu(III)
value.
Consequently,
sensitive
detection
achieved.
The
developed
approach
successfully
realized
isolation
sample
media
human
serum
as
well.
More
significantly,
this
mode
immobilization-free
strategy
effectively
circumvented
systematic
errors
caused
external
factors
tedious
immobilization
processes,
thus
displaying
excellent
performances
high
reliability,
improved
accuracy,
easy
manipulation.
Overall,
is
expected
offer
novel
ways
nondestructive
diagnosis.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Cancer
remains
a
significant
risk
to
human
health.
Nanomedicine
is
new
multidisciplinary
field
that
garnering
lot
of
interest
and
investigation.
shows
great
potential
for
cancer
diagnosis
treatment.
Specifically
engineered
nanoparticles
can
be
employed
as
contrast
agents
in
diagnostics
enable
high
sensitivity
high-resolution
tumor
detection
by
imaging
examinations.
Novel
approaches
labeling
are
also
made
possible
the
use
nanoprobes
nanobiosensors.
The
achievement
targeted
medication
delivery
therapy
accomplished
through
rational
design
manufacture
nanodrug
carriers.
Nanoparticles
have
capability
effectively
transport
medications
or
gene
fragments
tissues
via
passive
active
targeting
processes,
thus
enhancing
treatment
outcomes
while
minimizing
harm
healthy
tissues.
Simultaneously,
context
radiation
sensitization
photothermal
enhance
therapeutic
efficacy
malignant
tumors.
This
review
presents
literature
overview
summary
how
nanotechnology
used
According
oncological
diseases
originating
from
different
systems
body
combining
pathophysiological
features
cancers
at
sites,
we
most
recent
developments
applications.
Finally,
briefly
discuss
prospects
challenges
cancer.
Abstract
Liquid
biopsy
has
emerged
as
a
promising
non-invasive
strategy
for
cancer
diagnosis,
enabling
the
detection
of
various
circulating
biomarkers,
including
tumor
cells
(CTCs),
nucleic
acids
(ctNAs),
tumor-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs),
and
proteins.
Surface-enhanced
Raman
scattering
(SERS)
biosensors
have
revolutionized
liquid
by
offering
sensitive
specific
methodologies
these
biomarkers.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
application
SERS-based
identification
analysis
biomarkers
CTCs,
ctNAs,
sEVs
proteins
in
diagnosis.
The
discussion
encompasses
diverse
range
SERS
biosensor
platforms,
label-free
assay,
magnetic
bead-based
microfluidic
device-based
system,
paper-based
each
demonstrating
unique
capabilities
enhancing
sensitivity
specificity
critically
assesses
strengths,
limitations,
future
directions
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
13(8), С. 9329 - 9358
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2020
Aptamers
are
exciting
smart
molecular
probes
for
specific
recognition
of
disease
biomarkers.
A
number
strategies
have
been
developed
to
convert
target–aptamer
binding
into
physically
detectable
signals.
Since
the
aptamer
sequence
was
first
discovered,
a
large
variety
aptamer-based
biosensors
developed,
with
considerable
attention
paid
their
potential
applications
in
clinical
diagnostics.
So
far,
techniques
combination
wide
range
functional
nanomaterials
used
design
aptasensors
further
improve
sensitivity
and
detection
limit
target
determination.
In
this
paper,
advantages
aptamers
over
traditional
antibodies
as
components
high-throughput
screening
molecules
highlighted.
Aptamer–target
pairing
configurations
predominantly
single-
or
dual-site
binding;
modes
each
aptamer–target
configuration
is
described.
Furthermore,
signal
transduction
including
optical,
electrical,
mechanical,
mass-sensitive
clearly
explained
together
examples.
Finally,
we
summarize
recent
progress
development
diagnosis,
cancer
biomarkers
vivo
imaging.
We
then
conclude
discussion
on
advanced
challenges
aptasensors.
Sensors,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
21(3), С. 979 - 979
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2021
Recently,
aptamers
have
attracted
attention
in
the
biosensing
field
as
signal
recognition
elements
because
of
their
high
binding
affinity
toward
specific
targets
such
proteins,
cells,
small
molecules,
and
even
metal
ions,
antibodies
for
which
are
difficult
to
obtain.
Aptamers
single
oligonucleotides
generated
by
vitro
selection
mechanisms
via
systematic
evolution
ligand
exponential
enrichment
(SELEX)
process.
In
addition
affinity,
can
be
easily
functionalized
engineered,
providing
several
signaling
modes
colorimetric,
fluorometric,
electrochemical,
what
known
aptasensors.
this
review,
recent
advances
aptasensors
powerful
biosensor
probes
that
could
used
different
fields,
including
environmental
monitoring,
clinical
diagnosis,
drug
described.
Advances
aptamer-based
electrochemical
aptasensing
with
advantages
disadvantages
summarized
critically
discussed.
Additionally,
future
prospects
pointed
out
facilitate
development
aptasensor
technology
targets.
