Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76, С. 103424 - 103424
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021
Язык: Английский
Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 206, С. 108347 - 108347
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021
The dispersion of indoor airborne contaminants across different zones within a mechanically ventilated building is complex phenomenon driven by multiple factors. In this study, we modeled the SARS-CoV-2 aerosols US Department Energy detailed medium office prototype using CONTAM software. aim study to improve our understanding about how parts can experience varying concentrations viruses under circumstances release and mitigation strategies. Results indicate that unventilated stairwells have significantly higher viruses. strategies morning evening flushing conditioned were not found be very effective. Instead, constant high percentage outdoor air in supply mix, use masks, portable HEPA cleaners, MERV 13 or HVAC filters, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation disinfection effective prevent viral contamination majority simulated building.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
42
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022
With a modified version of the Wells-Riley model, we simulated size distribution and dynamics five airborne viruses (measles, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, human rhinovirus, adenovirus) emitted from speaking person in typical residential setting over relative humidity (RH) range 20-80% air temperature 20-25 °C. Besides transformation virus-containing droplets due to evaporation, respiratory absorption, then removal by gravitational settling, model also considered mechanism ventilation. The trend magnitude RH impact depended on virus. For rhinovirus adenovirus humidifying indoor 20/30 50% will be increasing infection risk, however, this risk increase negligible for weak adenovirus. Humidification have potential benefit decreasing only influenza when there is large decrease 20 50%. Regardless dry solution composition, humidification overall via long-range transmission SARS-CoV-2. Compared at constant ventilation rate, rate moderate levels 0.5 → 2.0 h
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
30
Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(24), С. 8531 - 8579
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
The framework for on-site airborne pathogen detection and transmission risk mitigation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
19
PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3), С. e1011956 - e1011956
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor spaces, where most infection events occur, depends on the types and duration of human interactions, among others. Understanding how these behaviours interface with virus characteristics to drive pathogen dictate outcomes non-pharmaceutical interventions is important for informed safe use spaces. To better understand complex we developed Pedestrian Dynamics-Virus Spread model (PeDViS), an individual-based that combines pedestrian behaviour models spread incorporating direct indirect routes. We explored relationships between exposure duration, distance, respiratory behaviour, environment which interactions infected uninfected individuals took place compared this benchmark 'at risk' (1.5 metres 15 minutes). When considering aerosol transmission, adhering distancing measures may be at risk due buildup airborne when spend prolonged time indoors. In our restaurant case, guests seated tables near were limited but could, particularly poorly ventilated places, experience risks surpass interactions. Combining target different routes can aid accumulating impact, instance by combining ventilation face masks. The impact such combined relative importance routes, hard disentangle highly context dependent. This uncertainty should considered assessing upon illustrated multi-dimensionality emerges from interplay viruses. A modelling strategy incorporates assessments help inform policy makers citizens spaces varying inter-human
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
Journal of Aerosol Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 164, С. 106003 - 106003
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2022
There is strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spread predominantly by airborne transmission, with high viral loads released into the air as respiratory droplets and aerosols from infected subject. The persistence of in diverse indoor environments reinforces urgent need to supplement distancing PPE based approaches effective engineering measures for microbial decontamination – thereby addressing significant risk posed aerosols. We hypothesized a portable, single-pass UVC treatment device (air flow 1254 L/min) could effectively inactivate bioaerosols containing bacterial indicator organisms, coronavirus without reliance on filtration technology, at reasonable scale. Robust experiments demonstrated dose dependent inactivation Staphylococcus aureus (UV rate constant (k) = 0.098 m2/J) bacteriophage MS2, up 6-log MS2 reduction achieved single pass through system (k 0.119 m2/J). inclusion PTFE diffuse reflector increased 34% comparison standard Al foil (with identical lamp output), resulting additional pathogen (1-log S. p < 0.001). Complete bovine was tissue culture infectivity (2.4-log reduction) RT-qPCR analysis confirming deactivate limit detection culture-based method. Scenario-based modelling used investigate person-to-person transmission upon subject within small room. Use providing 5 changes per hour shown significantly reduce load maintain low numbers RNA copies when remained room, reducing other room users. conclude application systems (without HEPA filtration) play critical role transfer, including SARS-CoV2, locations where adequate fresh ventilation cannot be implemented.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
25
Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 223, С. 109392 - 109392
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2022
Mass-gathering events were closed around the world in 2020 to minimise spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Emerging research on transmission emphasised importance sufficient ventilation. This paper presents results an indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring study over 82 seven mechanically ventilated auditoria support UK government Events Research Programme. Indoor carbon dioxide concentration was measured at high resolution before, during, and after occupancy allow for assessment ventilation systems. Generally, good all auditoria, with average IAQ found be excellent or very 70% spaces. In some spatial variation identified, indicating poor mixing air. addition, surface samples taken analysed presence bacteria by culture using RT-qPCR one venue. RNA detected a small number surfaces low copy numbers, which are unlikely pose infection risk. Under strategies levels investigated, it is likely that most theatres risk long-range COVID-19.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
24
Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 228, С. 109924 - 109924
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022
Predictive models for airborne infection risk have been extensively used during the pandemic, but there is yet still no consensus on a common approach, which may create misinterpretation of results among public health experts and engineers designing building ventilation. In this study we applied latest data viral load, aerosol droplet sizes removal mechanisms to improve Wells Riley model by introducing following novelties i) new calculate total volume respiratory fluid exhaled per unit time ii) developing novel dose-based generation rate dehydrated droplets after expiration iii) deriving quanta-RNA relationship various strains SARS-CoV-2 iv) proposing method account incomplete mixing conditions. These approaches considerably changed previous estimates allowed determine more accurate average quanta emission rates including omicron variant. values original strain 0.13 3.8 quanta/h breathing speaking virus variant multipliers be simple hand calculations probability or with developed operating six size ranges effect ventilation other mechanisms. The made available as an open-source tool.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
24
Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 382 - 382
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been plaguing world since late 2019/early 2020 and changed way we function as a society, halting both economic social activities worldwide. Classrooms, offices, restaurants, public transport, other enclosed spaces that typically gather large groups of people indoors, are considered focal points for spread virus. For society be able go “back normal”, it is crucial keep these places open functioning. An understanding transmission modes occurring in contexts essential set up effective infection control strategies. This was made using systematic review, according Preferred Reporting Items Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) guidelines. We analyze different parameters influencing airborne mathematical models proposed understand it, discuss how can act on parameters. Methods judge risks through analysis indoor air quality described. Various mitigation measures listed, their efficiency, feasibility, acceptability ranked by panel experts field. Thus, ventilation procedures controlled CO2-monitoring, continued mask wearing, strategic room occupancy, among measures, put forth enable safe return places.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 837 - 837
Опубликована: Март 24, 2023
On a global scale, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses serious threat to health of human population. Not only humans can be infected, but also their companion animals. The antibody status 115 cats and 170 dogs, originating from 177 German households known have been SARS-CoV-2 positive, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), results were combined with information gathered questionnaire that completed owner(s) true seroprevalences among dogs 42.5% (95% CI 33.5–51.9) 56.8% 49.1–64.4), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression accounting for data clustered in households, cats, number infected household an above-average contact intensity turned out significant risk factors; outside protective factor. For on contrary, factor, reduced contact, once infection known, No association found between reported clinical signs animals status, no spatial clustering positive test identified.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
Public health reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major public health concern for the past 3 years. Scientific evidence on relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and indoor air quality still needs to be demonstrated. This scoping review aims study association indoors COVID-19.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6