The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

Cell Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(6), С. 492 - 506

Опубликована: Май 20, 2020

Abstract The interplay between the commensal microbiota and mammalian immune system development function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis disease. microbiome plays critical roles training of major components host’s innate adaptive system, while orchestrates maintenance key features host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances microbiota-immunity under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute pathogenesis multitude immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review microbiome-immunity crosstalk their health disease, providing examples molecular mechanisms orchestrating these intestine extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects current knowledge, challenges limitations achieving causal understanding host immune-microbiome interactions, as well impact on diseases, discuss how insights may translate towards future microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Type I interferons in infectious disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 15(2), С. 87 - 103

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2017

Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer. At same time, it is now understood diet a significant shaping microbiome, with experiments showing dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be therapeutic utility altering composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding effects common components on microbiota. We show consumption particular types food produces predictable existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, identity these bacteria affects immune metabolic parameters, broad implications for human health. Familiarity associations will tremendous use to practitioner as well patient.

Язык: Английский

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The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1474 - 1474

Опубликована: Май 19, 2020

The gut microbiota is emerging as a promising target for the management or prevention of inflammatory and metabolic disorders in humans. Many current research efforts are focused on identification specific microbial signatures, more particularly those associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have described that obese animals humans exhibits higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared normal-weight individuals, proposing this an eventual biomarker. Accordingly, frequently cited scientific literature hallmark obesity. aim present review was to discuss validity potential marker, based great amount contradictory results reported literature. Such discrepancies might be explained by existence interpretative bias generated methodological differences sample processing DNA sequence analysis, generally poor characterization recruited subjects and, particularly, lack consideration lifestyle-associated factors known affect composition and/or diversity. For these reasons, it currently difficult associate determined health status specifically consider

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 20(2), С. 145 - 155

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 14(10), С. 667 - 685

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments

Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 53(10), С. 737 - 754

Опубликована: Май 22, 2021

Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome first gained widespread recognition among social support groups and later in scientific medical communities. This illness is poorly understood as it affects COVID-19 survivors at all levels of disease severity, even younger adults, children, those not hospitalized. While the precise definition long may be lacking, most common symptoms reported many studies are fatigue dyspnoea that last for months after acute COVID-19. Other persistent include cognitive mental impairments, chest joint pains, palpitations, myalgia, smell taste dysfunctions, cough, headache, gastrointestinal cardiac issues. Presently, there limited literature discussing possible pathophysiology, risk factors, treatments COVID, which current review aims to address. In brief, driven by long-term tissue damage (e.g. lung, brain, heart) pathological inflammation from viral persistence, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity). The associated factors female sex, more than five early symptoms, dyspnoea, prior psychiatric disorders, specific biomarkers D-dimer, CRP, lymphocyte count), although research required substantiate such factors. preliminary evidence suggests personalized rehabilitation training help certain cases, therapeutic drugs repurposed other similar conditions, myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia mast cell activation also hold potential. sum, this hopes provide understanding what known about COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Disease-Specific Alterations in the Enteric Virome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 160(3), С. 447 - 460

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 371(6529), С. 602 - 609

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020

New fecal microbiota for cancer patients The composition of the gut microbiome influences response to immunotherapies. Baruch et al. and Davar report first-in-human clinical trials test whether transplantation (FMT) can affect how metastatic melanoma respond anti–PD-1 immunotherapy (see Perspective by Woelk Snyder). Both studies observed evidence benefit in a subset treated patients. This included increased abundance taxa previously shown be associated with anti–PD-1, CD8 + T cell activation, decreased frequency interleukin-8–expressing myeloid cells, which are involved immunosuppression. These provide proof-of-concept ability FMT Science , this issue p. 602 595 ; see also 573

Язык: Английский

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