Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1613 - 1613

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Diet and Dietary Components on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(8), С. 2795 - 2795

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2021

Diet and dietary components have profound effects on the composition of gut microbiota are among most important contributors to alteration in bacterial flora. This review examines “Western”, “plant-based”, “high-fat”, “medical ketogenic”, “Mediterranean” diets both mice human subjects. We show that specific commonly found “plant-based” diet play a role shifting microbial composition. further evaluates metabolites associated with diet, their systemic inflammation metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, associations between diet/dietary altering composition, may lead potential therapeutic targets for type II diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 699 - 699

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and some types cancer) are rising worldwide. All them share the condition an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is greatest modulator system–microbiota crosstalk, much interest, new challenges, arising area precision nutrition as a way towards treatment prevention. It fact that westernized (WD) partly responsible for increased prevalence NCDs, negatively affecting both microbiota system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such Mediterranean (MD), positively influence system microbiota, proposed not only potential tool clinical management different disease conditions, but prevention health promotion globally. Thus, purpose review determine regulatory role components WD MD interplay, order understand, create awareness of, over key components.

Язык: Английский

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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(12), С. 2749 - 2749

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(17), С. 6402 - 6402

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2020

Constant remodeling of tight junctions to regulate trans-epithelial permeability is essential in maintaining intestinal barrier functions and thus preventing diffusion small molecules bacteria host systemic circulation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis dysfunctional gut have been correlated a large number diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes inflammatory bowel disease. This led the hypothesis that bacteria-epithelial cell interactions are key regulators epithelial through modulation junctions. Nevertheless, molecular basis host-pathogen remains unclear mostly due inability most vitro models recreate differentiated tissue structure components observed normal epithelium. Recent advances development novel cellular model derived from stem cells, so-called organoids, encompassing all types reproducing physiological properties tissue. We summarize herein knowledge on aspects involvement interactions. review also focuses organoids promising for study microbiota-host interaction.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1), С. 12 - 12

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2021

Whether the gut microbiome in obesity is characterized by lower diversity and altered composition at phylum or genus level may be more accurately investigated using high-throughput sequencing technologies. We conducted a systematic review PubMed Embase including 32 cross-sectional studies assessing obese non-obese adults. A significantly alpha (Shannon index) versus adults was observed nine out of 22 studies, meta-analysis seven revealed non-significant mean difference (-0.06, 95% CI -0.24, 0.12, I2 = 81%). At level, Firmicutes fewer Bacteroidetes were six seventeen, four eighteen respectively. Meta-analyses higher (5.50, 0.27, 10.73, 81%) non-significantly (-4.79, -10.77, 1.20, 86%). relative proportions Bifidobacterium Eggerthella Acidaminococcus, Anaerococcus, Catenibacterium, Dialister, Dorea, Escherichia-Shigella, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Megasphera, Prevotella, Roseburia, Streptococcus, Sutterella found Although proportion differences adults, heterogeneity across precludes clear answers.

Язык: Английский

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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(4), С. 1239 - 1285

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(11), С. 4144 - 4144

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2021

Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, concerns human health of planet. diets more environmentally sustainable than meat-based have a reduced environmental impact, producing lower levels greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines normally formulated to enhance society, reduce risk chronic diseases, prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed scientific data on plant-based summarize their preventative therapeutic role cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis. Consuming is safe effective all stages life cycle, from pregnancy lactation, childhood, old age. which high fiber polyphenolics, also associated with diverse gut microbiota, metabolites that anti-inflammatory functions may help manage disease processes. Concerns about adequate intake number nutrients, vitamin B12, calcium, D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fats, discussed. The use fortified foods and/or supplements well appropriate food choices outlined each nutrient. Finally, suggested professionals working clients consuming diets.

Язык: Английский

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Gallstone Disease, Obesity and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio as a Possible Biomarker of Gut Dysbiosis

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1), С. 13 - 13

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2020

Obesity is a major risk factor for developing gallstone disease (GSD). Previous studies have shown that obesity associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest development of GSD may be related to dysbiosis. This review presents and summarizes recent on microbiota patients GSD. Most significant increase phyla Firmicutes (Lactobacillaceae family, genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Blautia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira), Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium genus), Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Fusobacterium) decrease (family Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, Paludibacter, Barnesiella), Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Roseburia), Proteobacteria (Desulfovibrio genus). The influence microbial diversity not clear. Some report reduces bile, whereas others bile (especially family Enterobacteriaceae) (Enterococcus genus) are most commonly detected On other hand, composition shows considerable inter-individual variability. impact unclear reports contradictory. For this reason, it should stated results reviewed do allow drawing unequivocal conclusions regarding relationship between

Язык: Английский

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PET microplastics affect human gut microbiota communities during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, first evidence of plausible polymer biodegradation during human digestion

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are a widely recognized global problem due to their prevalence in natural environments and the food chain. However, impact of microplastics on human microbiota possible biotransformation gastrointestinal tract have not been well reported. To evaluate potential risks at digestive level, completely passing single dose polyethylene terephthalate (PET) through was simulated by combining harmonized static model dynamic simgi model, which recreates different regions physiological conditions. PET MPs started several biotransformations and, colon, appeared be structurally from original particles. We report that feeding with alters microbial colonic community composition hypothesize some members could adhere surface promoting formation biofilms. The work presented here indicates indeed capable digestive-level health effects. Considering this evidence increasing exposure consumer foods beverages, plastics functionality gut microbiome biodegradation digestion intestinal bacteria merits critical investigation.

Язык: Английский

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