Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
the
most
common
form
of
dementia
in
western
world,
however
there
no
cure
available
for
this
devastating
neurodegenerative
disorder.
Despite
clinical
and
experimental
evidence
implicating
intestinal
microbiota
a
number
brain
disorders,
its
impact
on
not
known.
To
end
we
sequenced
bacterial
16S
rRNA
from
fecal
samples
Aβ
precursor
protein
(APP)
transgenic
mouse
model
found
remarkable
shift
gut
as
compared
to
non-transgenic
wild-type
mice.
Subsequently
generated
germ-free
APP
mice
drastic
reduction
cerebral
amyloid
pathology
when
control
with
microbiota.
Importantly,
colonization
conventionally-raised
increased
pathology,
while
was
less
effective
increasing
levels.
Our
results
indicate
microbial
involvement
development
Abeta
suggest
that
may
contribute
diseases.
The
human
gut
microbiome
is
a
critical
component
of
digestion,
breaking
down
complex
carbohydrates,
proteins,
and
to
lesser
extent
fats
that
reach
the
lower
gastrointestinal
tract.
This
process
results
in
multitude
microbial
metabolites
can
act
both
locally
systemically
(after
being
absorbed
into
bloodstream).
impact
these
biochemicals
on
health
complex,
as
potentially
beneficial
toxic
be
yielded
from
such
pathways,
some
cases,
effects
are
dependent
upon
metabolite
concentration
or
organ
locality.
aim
this
review
summarize
our
current
knowledge
how
macronutrient
metabolism
by
influences
health.
Metabolites
discussed
include
short-chain
fatty
acids
alcohols
(mainly
monosaccharides);
ammonia,
branched-chain
acids,
amines,
sulfur
compounds,
phenols,
indoles
(derived
amino
acids);
glycerol
choline
derivatives
(obtained
breakdown
lipids);
tertiary
cycling
carbon
dioxide
hydrogen.
Key
taxa
related
disease
states
will
referred
each
case,
gaps
could
contribute
understanding
overall
wellness
identified.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2016
Abstract
The
composition
of
the
intestinal
microbiota
influences
development
inflammatory
disorders.
However,
associating
diseases
with
specific
microbial
members
is
challenging,
because
clinically
detectable
inflammation
and
its
treatment
can
alter
microbiota’s
composition.
Immunologic
checkpoint
blockade
ipilimumab,
a
monoclonal
antibody
that
blocks
cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
antigen-4
(CTLA-4)
signalling,
associated
new-onset,
immune-mediated
colitis.
Here
we
conduct
prospective
study
patients
metastatic
melanoma
undergoing
ipilimumab
correlate
pre-inflammation
faecal
microbiome
subsequent
colitis
development.
We
demonstrate
increased
representation
bacteria
belonging
to
Bacteroidetes
phylum
correlated
resistance
checkpoint-blockade-induced
Furthermore,
paucity
genetic
pathways
involved
in
polyamine
transport
B
vitamin
biosynthesis
an
risk
Identification
these
biomarkers
may
enable
interventions
reduce
complications
following
cancer
immunotherapy.
