Neuropharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
231, С. 109491 - 109491
Опубликована: Март 15, 2023
Neuroplasticity
refers
to
the
ability
of
brain
circuits
reorganize
and
change
properties
network,
resulting
in
alterations
function
behavior.
It
is
traditionally
believed
that
neuroplasticity
influenced
by
external
stimuli,
learning,
experience.
Intriguingly,
there
new
evidence
suggesting
endogenous
signals
from
body's
periphery
may
play
a
role.
The
gut
microbiota,
diverse
community
microorganisms
living
harmony
with
their
host,
be
able
influence
plasticity
through
its
modulation
gut-brain
axis.
Interestingly,
maturation
microbiota
coincides
critical
periods
neurodevelopment,
during
which
neural
are
highly
plastic
potentially
vulnerable.
As
such,
dysbiosis
(an
imbalance
composition)
early
life
contribute
disruption
normal
developmental
trajectories,
leading
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
This
review
aims
examine
ways
can
affect
neuroplasticity.
will
also
discuss
recent
research
linking
gastrointestinal
issues
bacterial
various
disorders
potential
impact
on
neurological
outcomes.
article
part
Special
Issue
"Microbiome
&
Brain:
Mechanisms
Maladies".
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Gut
bacteria
influence
brain
functions
and
metabolism.
We
investigated
whether
this
can
be
mediated
by
direct
sensing
of
bacterial
cell
wall
components
neurons.
In
mice,
we
found
that
peptidoglycan
plays
a
major
role
in
mediating
gut-brain
communication
via
the
Nod2
receptor.
Peptidoglycan-derived
muropeptides
reach
alter
activity
subset
neurons
express
Nod2.
Activation
hypothalamic
inhibitory
is
essential
for
proper
appetite
body
temperature
control,
primarily
females.
This
study
identifies
microbe-sensing
mechanism
regulates
feeding
behavior
host
Protein & Cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(10), С. 762 - 775
Опубликована: Май 11, 2023
Abstract
The
gut
microbiota
has
been
found
to
interact
with
the
brain
through
microbiota–gut–brain
axis,
regulating
various
physiological
processes.
In
recent
years,
impacts
of
on
neurodevelopment
this
axis
have
increasingly
appreciated.
is
commonly
considered
regulate
three
pathways,
immune
pathway,
neuronal
and
endocrine/systemic
overlaps
crosstalks
in
between.
Accumulating
studies
identified
role
neurodevelopmental
disorders
including
autism
spectrum
disorder,
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
Rett
Syndrome.
Numerous
researchers
examined
pathophysiological
mechanisms
influenced
by
(NDDs).
This
review
aims
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
advancements
research
pertaining
microbiota-gut-brain
NDDs.
Furthermore,
we
analyzed
both
current
state
progress
discuss
future
perspectives
field.
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(4), С. 222 - 247
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024
Crosstalk
between
gut
and
brain
has
long
been
appreciated
in
health
disease,
the
microbiota
is
a
key
player
communication
these
two
distant
organs.
Yet,
mechanisms
through
which
influences
development
function
of
gut–brain
axis
remain
largely
unknown.
Barriers
present
are
specialized
cellular
interfaces
that
maintain
strict
homeostasis
different
compartments
across
this
axis.
These
barriers
include
epithelial
barrier,
blood–brain
barrier
blood–cerebrospinal
fluid
barrier.
ideally
positioned
to
receive
communicate
microbial
signals
constituting
gateway
for
gut–microbiota–brain
communication.
In
Review,
we
focus
on
how
modulation
by
can
constitute
an
important
channel
Moreover,
malfunction
upon
alterations
composition
could
form
basis
various
conditions,
including
often
comorbid
neurological
gastrointestinal
disorders.
Thus,
should
unravelling
molecular
move
from
simplistic
framing
as
'leaky
gut'.
A
mechanistic
understanding
barriers,
especially
during
critical
windows
development,
be
aetiology
The
modulator
This
Review
provides
overview
examines
role
disease.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(11), С. 9577 - 9577
Опубликована: Май 31, 2023
The
human
gut
microbiome
contains
the
largest
number
of
bacteria
in
body
and
has
potential
to
greatly
influence
metabolism,
not
only
locally
but
also
systemically.
There
is
an
established
link
between
a
healthy,
balanced,
diverse
overall
health.
When
becomes
unbalanced
(dysbiosis)
through
dietary
changes,
medication
use,
lifestyle
choices,
environmental
factors,
ageing,
this
profound
effect
on
our
health
linked
many
diseases,
including
metabolic
inflammatory
neurological
diseases.
While
humans
largely
association
dysbiosis
with
disease,
animal
models,
causative
can
be
demonstrated.
brain
particularly
important
maintaining
health,
strong
neurodegenerative
neurodevelopmental
This
suggests
that
microbiota
composition
used
make
early
diagnosis
diseases
modifying
microbiome-gut-brain
axis
might
present
therapeutic
target
for
have
proved
intractable,
aim
altering
trajectory
such
as
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
multiple
sclerosis,
autism
spectrum
disorder,
attention-deficit
hyperactivity
among
others.
other
potentially
reversible
migraine,
post-operative
cognitive
dysfunction,
long
COVID,
which
considered
models
therapy
disease.
role
traditional
methods
microbiome,
well
newer,
more
novel
treatments
faecal
transplants
photobiomodulation,
are
discussed.
