SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited major step change its adaptation to humans. These highly mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2 had enhanced rates transmission relative previous variants and were termed 'variants concern' (VOCs). Designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Omicron, VOCs emerged independently from one another, turn each rapidly became dominant, regionally or globally, outcompeting variants. The success VOC previously dominant variant was enabled by altered intrinsic functional properties virus and, various degrees, changes antigenicity conferring ability evade primed immune response. increased fitness associated with is result complex interplay biology context changing immunity due both vaccination prior infection. this Review, we summarize literature on transmissibility variants, role mutations at furin spike cleavage site non-spike proteins, potential importance recombination success, evolution T cells, innate population immunity. shows complicated relationship among antigenicity, virulence, which has unpredictable implications future trajectory disease burden COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike cross-recognize Omicron

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 603(7901), С. 488 - 492

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has multiple spike protein mutations 1,2 that contribute to viral escape from antibody neutralization 3–6 and reduce vaccine protection infection 7,8 . extent which other components of the adaptive response such as T cells may still target severe outcomes is unknown. Here we assessed ability react in participants who were vaccinated with Ad26.CoV2.S or BNT162b2, unvaccinated convalescent COVID-19 patients ( n = 70). Between 70% 80% CD4 + CD8 cell was maintained across study groups. Moreover, magnitude cross-reactive similar for Beta (B.1.351) Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, despite harbouring considerably more mutations. In hospitalized infections 19), there comparable responses ancestral spike, nucleocapsid membrane proteins those previous waves dominated by ancestral, variants 49). Thus, extensive reduced susceptibility neutralizing antibodies Omicron, majority induced vaccination cross-recognize variant. It remains be determined whether well-preserved immunity contributes linked early clinical observations South Africa elsewhere 9–12

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines

Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 185(14), С. 2434 - 2451.e17

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron–reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients

Science Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(69)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2022

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 D614G [wild type (WT)] the Beta, Delta, variants of concern a cohort 60 health care workers after immunization with ChAdOx-1 S, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2. High binding antibody levels against WT spike (S) were detected 28 days vaccination both mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 BNT162b2), which substantially decreased 6 months. In contrast, lower Ad26.COV2.S but did not wane. Neutralization assays showed consistent cross-neutralization Beta Delta variants, neutralization was significantly absent. BNT162b2 booster either two mRNA-1273 immunizations Ad26.COV2 priming partially restored variant, still up to 17-fold compared WT. SARS-CoV-2-specific cells months all regimens, more detection specific CD4

Язык: Английский

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Population Immunity and Covid-19 Severity with Omicron Variant in South Africa

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 386(14), С. 1314 - 1326

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022

The B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified on November 25, 2021, in Gauteng province, South Africa. Data regarding the seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2 IgG before fourth wave disease 2019 (Covid-19), which omicron dominant, are needed.

Язык: Английский

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Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 387(11), С. 1011 - 1020

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2022

T he coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 lives in the United States alone.The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines been a triumph biomedical research, and billions vaccine doses have administered worldwide.Challenges facing field include inequitable distribution, hesitancy, waning immunity, emergence highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies.This review summarizes current state knowledge about immune responses to importance both humoral cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease. A nti v ir l Immunit yThe system is broadly divided into innate adaptive systems.Innate are first line defense viruses rapidly triggered when pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Innate antiviral includes secretion type I interferons, cytokines, certain responses, neutrophils, monocytes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. Adaptive second viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition epitopes.Adaptive two complementary branches system: immunity.Humoral acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein either neutralize virus or eliminate it through other effector mechanisms. 2,3ellular virus-specific B cells which provide long-term immunologic memory expand on reexposure antigen.B produce antibodies, CD8+ directly virally infected CD4+ help support responses.5][6][7] For variant largely escapes neutralizing may be particularly important longterm

Язык: Английский

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Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 ( Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6603)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T B cell immunity B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. previous variants concern was enhanced triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude responses protein reduced. Immune imprinting by earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) resulted less durable binding B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during wave showed reduced nAb potency itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 abrogated recognition any cross-reactive on

Язык: Английский

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Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination

Science Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(76)

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in the circulation; however, it is currently unknown whether elicits effective immune responses respiratory tract, particularly against variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. We compared S-specific total neutralizing antibody responses, B T cell immunity, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) blood COVID-19-vaccinated individuals hospitalized patients. Vaccinated had significantly lower levels D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron BA.1.1 BAL with COVID-19 convalescents despite blood. Furthermore, induced circulating but contrast to convalescents, these were absent vaccinated individuals. Using a mouse immunization model, we demonstrated that systemic alone weak mucosal especially mice; combination plus adenovirus-S strong not only ancestral virus also variant. Together, our study supports contention current vaccines are highly severe disease development, likely through recruiting during reinfection, offer limited protection breakthrough infection, by sublineage. Hence, booster needed establish sterilizing tract SARS-CoV-2, infection sublineage future VOCs.

Язык: Английский

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Correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease

Immunological Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 310(1), С. 6 - 26

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2022

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies neutralization or binding assays both have predictive value, with antibody titers giving highest statistical correlation. However, protective functions are multiple. multiple other than influence efficacy. The role cellular responses can be discerned respect to CD4

Язык: Английский

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