Microbiome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024
Zoonotic viruses cause substantial public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. Understanding how evolve spread within among wildlife species is a critical step when aiming for proactive identification of viral threats to prevent future pandemics. Despite the many proposed factors influencing diversity, genomic diversity structure communities in East Africa are largely unknown.
Язык: Английский
Annual Review of Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(1), С. 173 - 192
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2022
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this generational experience to better understand the processes underpin emergence of COVID-19 other zoonotic diseases. Herein, I review mechanisms determine why how viruses emerge in new hosts, as well barriers process. show traditional studies virus have an inherent anthropocentric bias, with humans considered inevitable outcome emergence, when reality are integral components global ecosystem characterized by continual host jumping also transmitting their animals. illustrate these points using coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, case study. outline potential steps can be followed help mitigate prevent future pandemics, combating climate change central component.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
45
Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 603(7899), С. 15 - 16
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
42
Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(4), С. 833 - 845
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to development neurodegenerative diseases via microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped reveal bidirectional communication between central nervous system enteric is facilitated by microbiota's diverse microorganisms, for both neuroimmune neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize bioinformatics analysis wet-biology validation metagenomics with an emphasis on multi-omics studies virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers identifying brain disorders potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, discuss role diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics exercise interventions remodeling microbiome reducing symptoms diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
31
Veterinary Quarterly, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(1), С. 1 - 14
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023
Influenza A virus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA that belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. Based on the antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) influenza viruses are classified into multiple subtypes. H9N2 low pathogenic Avian Viruses (AIVs) one widely spread in poultry, which can pose threat humans by directly infecting or providing internal genes for various zoonotic avian strains. It has potential indirectly participate becoming an AIV causes human pandemic. When enters host, innate immune system activated first pattern recognition receptors. The cytokines produced at site infection recruit cells antigen-presenting those subsequently transmit signals adaptive (i.e. B T cells), trigger specific humoral cellular responses. As result, immunity clear infected via antibody-mediated neutralization cytotoxicity, respectively. Understanding how chicken systems respond top priority effectively controlling virus's designing vaccines. In this review, we comprehensively discuss role defending against H9N2, clarify current limitations understanding responses virus, thereby directions future research as respiratory mucosal been stagnant more than 20 years especially responds influenza.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
25
Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
AbstractThe H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely distributed among poultry and wild birds also a threat to humans. During AIV active surveillance in Liaoning province from 2015 2016, we identified ten strains exhibiting different lethality chick embryos. Two representative strains, A/chicken/China/LN07/2016 (CKLN/07) A/chicken/China/LN17/2016 (CKLN/17), with similar genomic background but embryo lethality, were chosen evaluate the molecular basis for this difference. A series reassortants between CKLN/07 CKLN/17 generated their was assessed. We found that isoleucine (I) residue at position 137 (H3 numbering) hemagglutinin (HA) responsible virus. Further studies revealed threonine (T) I mutation HA enhanced viral replication vitro vivo. Moreover, HA-T137I substitution increased guinea pig transmission efficiency. critical α2,6-linked sialic acid binding preference activation stability Our findings demonstrated HA-137I key marker mammalian adaptation AIV.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
mSystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
ABSTRACT Respiratory disease (RD) is a worldwide leading threat to the pig industry, but there still limited understanding of pathogens associated with swine RD. In this study, we conducted nationwide genomic surveillance on identifying viruses, bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from lungs pigs RD in China. By performing metatranscriptomic sequencing combined metagenomic sequencing, identified 21 viral species belonging 12 families. Among them, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A herpes adenovirus, parvovirus were commonly identified. However, emerging such as Getah virus coronaviruses, also characterized. Apart total 164 bacterial identified, Streptococcus suis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis , hyopneumoniae Glaesserella parasuis Pasteurella multocida being frequently detected high abundances. Notably, Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae highly detected. Our further analysis revealed complex interaction between We retrospectively analyses demonstrate prevalent genotypes or serotypes Finally, 48 ARGs, which conferred 13 predicted classes, many these ARGs significantly substantial number mobile genetic elements, including transposons (e.g., tnp AIS1, A1353, int 3, IS Cau1) plasmids Col(BS512), Col(YC)]. These findings will contribute etiology, epidemiology, microbial interactions RD, may shed light development effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE viruses bacteria China at farm scale by sequencing. demonstrated different and/or work provides comprehensive knowledge about data reference for research vaccines against disease.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
Abstract Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a well-established receptor for several MERS-related coronaviruses (MERSr-CoVs) isolated from humans, camels, pangolins, and bats (1–6). However, the usage of many genetically diverse bat MERSr-CoVs with broad geographical distributions remains poorly understood. Recent studies have identified angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry multiple merbecovirus clades. Here, using viral antigen pseudovirus-based functional assays, we demonstrate that merbecoviruses HKU25 clade previously thought to utilize DPP4 (7), employ ACE2 their receptor. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed HsItaly2011 VsCoV-a7 recognize binding mode sharing similarity HKU5 but involving remodeled interfaces distinct ortholog selectivity, suggesting common evolutionary origin utilization these two clades viruses. EjCoV-3, strain closely related DPP4-using MERSr-CoV BtCoV-422, exhibited relatively tropism could human albeit suboptimally. Despite differences in mechanisms spike proteolytic activation compared MERS-CoV, viruses remain sensitive broadly neutralizing antibodies inhibitors. These findings redefine our understanding evolution among highlight versatility coronaviruses. Significance unexpectedly convergently evolved modes across three continents, challenging dogma primary distributed Eurasia host through shared HKU5, prior findings. reveal prevalence show EjCoV-3 preadapted use ACE2, potential spillover. Our data provide blueprint barrier determinants which will facilitate global surveillance development countermeasures against characterized merbecoviruses.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Nucleic Acids Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 53(4)
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025
RNA interference (RNAi) is a key antiviral immune mechanism in eukaryotes. However, RNAi vertebrates has only been observed cells with poor interferon systems or viral suppressors of (VSR) deficiency virus infections. Our research discovered that infecting macrophages wild-type coronavirus (Infectious bronchitis virus, IBV) and influenza viruses (Avian AIV) can trigger immunity produce certain amount virus-derived siRNA (vsiRNA). These vsiRNAs have an inhibitory effect on the carry out targeted silencing along Dicer-Ago2-vsiRNA axis. Notably, these are distributed throughout virus's entire genome, predilection for A/U at 5' 3' termini vsiRNA. In addition, Dicer cleavage produces vsiRNA based RWM motif, where R represents A/G, W A/C, M A/U. We also avian LGP2 MDA5 proteins positively impact expression protein subtype "DicerM." Most importantly, PS-vsiRNA plasmid combined nanomaterial polyetherimide (PEI) showed excellent anti-virus activity specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. findings show production somatic cells, which great significance application therapeutic vaccines.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), classified in the order Carnivora within family Canidae, is native to East Asia and widely distributed throughout Japan due its adaptability various environments. Despite close relationship between dogs other animals, viruses infecting have not been thoroughly investigated Japan. In this study, we performed metatranscriptomic analyses using fecal samples collected from latrines of wild two locations on mainland Nearly complete viral genomes were identified, including belonging genus Kobuvirus (CaKoV), an unclassified canine sapelovirus subfamily Ensavirinae (CaSaV), Genius Mamastrovirus (CaAstV), hepe-astro-like virus (bastrovirus-like) (Bast-like V), dicistrovirus (DiciV) Dicistroviridae. Phylogenetic revealed that CaKoV, CaSaV, CaAstV are related strains but form independent clusters specific dogs, suggesting they evolved host population. Bast-like V, detected for first time showed high sequence identity with previously identified Chinese shrews. shared insectivorous nature these hosts silico range predictions suggest Vs may originate arthropod viruses. Although DiciV likely dietary origin hosts, large number reads phylogenetic clustering DiciVs mammalian indicate need assess their potential infectivity mammals risk spillover. These findings harbor endemic population act as vectors unknown spillover risk.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1