Metatranscriptomics Reveals the Diversity of the Tick Virome in Northwest China DOI Creative Commons
Yunyi Kong, Gang Zhang, Lingling Jiang

et al.

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(5)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Blood-sucking ticks are obligate parasites and vectors of a variety human animal viruses. Some tick-borne viruses have been identified as pathogens infectious diseases in humans or animals, potentially imposing significant public health burdens threats to the husbandry industry. Therefore, identifying profiles will provide valuable information about evolution pathogen ecology In this study, we investigated viromes parasitic collected from body surfaces herbivores Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia China, two regions northwest China. By using metatranscriptomic approach, 17 RNA with high diversity genomic organization were identified. Among them, nine proposed be novel species. The classified belonged six viral families, including Phenuiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Lispiviridae, Chuviridae, Reoviridae, unclassified also addition, although some different sampling locations shared similarities, abundance notably varied among collection locations. This study demonstrates provides informative data for further pathogenicity these IMPORTANCE Ticks widely distributed pastoral areas northwestern China act that carry transmit pathogens, especially Our revealed tick uncovered phylogenetic relationships viruses, important zoonotic severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus Mongolia. These suggest complex diverse evolutionary history potential ecological factors associated pathogenic currently remains unclear. future research should focus on evaluating transmissability

Language: Английский

The Ecology of Viral Emergence DOI Creative Commons
Edward C. Holmes

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 173 - 192

Published: June 15, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this generational experience to better understand the processes underpin emergence of COVID-19 other zoonotic diseases. Herein, I review mechanisms determine why how viruses emerge in new hosts, as well barriers process. show traditional studies virus have an inherent anthropocentric bias, with humans considered inevitable outcome emergence, when reality are integral components global ecosystem characterized by continual host jumping also transmitting their animals. illustrate these points using coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome 2, case study. outline potential steps can be followed help mitigate prevent future pandemics, combating climate change central component.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Wuhan market was epicentre of pandemic’s start, studies suggest DOI Open Access

Amy Maxmen

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7899), P. 15 - 16

Published: Feb. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence DOI Creative Commons
Xiaoyan Liu, Yi Liu, Junlin Liu

et al.

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 833 - 845

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to development neurodegenerative diseases via microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped reveal bidirectional communication between central nervous system enteric is facilitated by microbiota's diverse microorganisms, for both neuroimmune neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize bioinformatics analysis wet-biology validation metagenomics with an emphasis on multi-omics studies virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers identifying brain disorders potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, discuss role diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics exercise interventions remodeling microbiome reducing symptoms diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
The immune system of chicken and its response to H9N2 avian influenza virus DOI Creative Commons
Wenhao Yang, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang

et al.

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: June 26, 2023

Influenza A virus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA that belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. Based on the antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) influenza viruses are classified into multiple subtypes. H9N2 low pathogenic Avian Viruses (AIVs) one widely spread in poultry, which can pose threat humans by directly infecting or providing internal genes for various zoonotic avian strains. It has potential indirectly participate becoming an AIV causes human pandemic. When enters host, innate immune system activated first pattern recognition receptors. The cytokines produced at site infection recruit cells antigen-presenting those subsequently transmit signals adaptive (i.e. B T cells), trigger specific humoral cellular responses. As result, immunity clear infected via antibody-mediated neutralization cytotoxicity, respectively. Understanding how chicken systems respond top priority effectively controlling virus's designing vaccines. In this review, we comprehensively discuss role defending against H9N2, clarify current limitations understanding responses virus, thereby directions future research as respiratory mucosal been stagnant more than 20 years especially responds influenza.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
The impact of monetary policy interventions on banking sector stocks: an empirical investigation of the COVID-19 crisis DOI Creative Commons
Niall O’Donnell, Darren Shannon, Barry Sheehan

et al.

Financial Innovation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract The enduring impact of the COVID-19 crisis on financial sector is undeniable, persisting far beyond eventual waning pandemic. This research examines central bank interventions during pandemic, using a quantitative event study approach over five-day window to analyse 188 monetary policy announcements banking stocks in China, U.S., and Europe. Our results demonstrate how targeting different economic mechanisms have produced diverse market reaction throughout Namely, cuts interest rates maintenance low rate environment by Federal Reserve resulted negative abnormal returns U.S.A., while short-term surrounding intra-day credit liquidity provisions boosted stock prices. In Europe, muted was observed, with observed response ECB’s 2% inflation objectives. Finally, China responded strongly positively foreign currency exchange-related People’s Bank China. insights from this analysis can thus inform preparations made policymakers, governments, stakeholders future waves COVID-19, or further extreme societal disruptions.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor use for merbecoviruses DOI Creative Commons
Nicholas Catanzaro, Ziyan Wu, Chengcheng Fan

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2024

SUMMARY The merbecovirus subgenus of coronaviruses includes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a zoonotic pathogen transmitted from dromedary camels to humans that causes severe respiratory disease. Viral discovery efforts have uncovered hundreds merbecoviruses in different species across multiple continents, but few been studied under laboratory conditions, leaving basic questions regarding their human threat potential unresolved. entry into host cells is critical step for transmission between hosts. Here, scalable approach assesses novel cell was developed and used evaluate receptor use the entire subgenus. Merbecoviruses are sorted clades based on receptor-binding domain spike glycoprotein. Receptor tropism clade-specific, with clade including MERS-CoV using DPP4 ACE2, HKU5 bat coronaviruses. Mutational analysis identified possible structural limitations adaptability cryo-EM structure HKU5-20s trimer revealed only ‘down’ RBDs.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Changing epidemiological patterns in human avian influenza virus infections DOI Creative Commons
Mei Kang, Haipeng Li,

Jia Tang

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(11), P. 100918 - 100918

Published: July 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Isoleucine at position 137 of Hemagglutinin acts as a Mammalian adaptation marker of H9N2 Avian influenza virus DOI Creative Commons
Weiwei Ma,

Chenyang Ren,

Lin Shi

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

AbstractThe H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely distributed among poultry and wild birds also a threat to humans. During AIV active surveillance in Liaoning province from 2015 2016, we identified ten strains exhibiting different lethality chick embryos. Two representative strains, A/chicken/China/LN07/2016 (CKLN/07) A/chicken/China/LN17/2016 (CKLN/17), with similar genomic background but embryo lethality, were chosen evaluate the molecular basis for this difference. A series reassortants between CKLN/07 CKLN/17 generated their was assessed. We found that isoleucine (I) residue at position 137 (H3 numbering) hemagglutinin (HA) responsible virus. Further studies revealed threonine (T) I mutation HA enhanced viral replication vitro vivo. Moreover, HA-T137I substitution increased guinea pig transmission efficiency. critical α2,6-linked sialic acid binding preference activation stability Our findings demonstrated HA-137I key marker mammalian adaptation AIV.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Discovery of viruses and bacteria associated with swine respiratory disease on farms at a nationwide scale in China using metatranscriptomic and metagenomic sequencing DOI Creative Commons
Xi Huang, Xinzhi Yao,

Wenbo Song

et al.

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Respiratory disease (RD) is a worldwide leading threat to the pig industry, but there still limited understanding of pathogens associated with swine RD. In this study, we conducted nationwide genomic surveillance on identifying viruses, bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from lungs pigs RD in China. By performing metatranscriptomic sequencing combined metagenomic sequencing, identified 21 viral species belonging 12 families. Among them, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus, influenza A herpes adenovirus, parvovirus were commonly identified. However, emerging such as Getah virus coronaviruses, also characterized. Apart total 164 bacterial identified, Streptococcus suis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis , hyopneumoniae Glaesserella parasuis Pasteurella multocida being frequently detected high abundances. Notably, Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae highly detected. Our further analysis revealed complex interaction between We retrospectively analyses demonstrate prevalent genotypes or serotypes Finally, 48 ARGs, which conferred 13 predicted classes, many these ARGs significantly substantial number mobile genetic elements, including transposons (e.g., tnp AIS1, A1353, int 3, IS Cau1) plasmids Col(BS512), Col(YC)]. These findings will contribute etiology, epidemiology, microbial interactions RD, may shed light development effective vaccines. IMPORTANCE viruses bacteria China at farm scale by sequencing. demonstrated different and/or work provides comprehensive knowledge about data reference for research vaccines against disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Metatranscriptomic identification of novel RNA viruses from raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) feces in Japan DOI Creative Commons
Mami Oba, Shoichi Sakaguchi,

Natsuko Teshima

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), classified in the order Carnivora within family Canidae, is native to East Asia and widely distributed throughout Japan due its adaptability various environments. Despite close relationship between dogs other animals, viruses infecting have not been thoroughly investigated Japan. In this study, we performed metatranscriptomic analyses using fecal samples collected from latrines of wild two locations on mainland Nearly complete viral genomes were identified, including belonging genus Kobuvirus (CaKoV), an unclassified canine sapelovirus subfamily Ensavirinae (CaSaV), Genius Mamastrovirus (CaAstV), hepe-astro-like virus (bastrovirus-like) (Bast-like V), dicistrovirus (DiciV) Dicistroviridae. Phylogenetic revealed that CaKoV, CaSaV, CaAstV are related strains but form independent clusters specific dogs, suggesting they evolved host population. Bast-like V, detected for first time showed high sequence identity with previously identified Chinese shrews. shared insectivorous nature these hosts silico range predictions suggest Vs may originate arthropod viruses. Although DiciV likely dietary origin hosts, large number reads phylogenetic clustering DiciVs mammalian indicate need assess their potential infectivity mammals risk spillover. These findings harbor endemic population act as vectors unknown spillover risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

1