Cognitive-Affective Functions of the Cerebellum

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(45), С. 7554 - 7564

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor coordination and balance, also plays a crucial role in various aspects of higher-order function dysfunction. Emerging research has shed light on the cerebellum's broader contributions to cognitive, emotional, reward processes. influence autonomic further highlights its significance regulating motivational emotional states. Perturbations cerebellar development have been implicated neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An increasing appreciation for neuropsychiatric symptoms that arise from dysfunction underscores importance elucidating circuit mechanisms underlie complex interactions between cerebellum other brain regions comprehensive understanding behavior. By briefly discussing new advances mapping affective, autonomic, social processing reviewing neuropathology beyond domain, this Mini-Symposium review aims provide broad perspective intersections limbic health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar Functions Beyond Movement and Learning

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(1), С. 145 - 166

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

The cerebellum has a well-established role in controlling motor functions, including coordination, posture, and the learning of skilled movements. mechanisms for how it carries out behavior remain under intense investigation. Interestingly though, recent years cerebellar function have faced additional scrutiny since nonmotor behaviors may also be controlled by cerebellum. With such complexity arising, there is now pressing need to better understand structure, function, intersect influence that are dynamically called upon as an animal experiences its environment. Here, we discuss experimental work frames possible neural shapes disparate why dysfunction catastrophic hereditary acquired conditions—both nonmotor. For these reasons, might ideal therapeutic target.

Язык: Английский

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A Purkinje cell to parabrachial nucleus pathway enables broad cerebellar influence over the forebrain

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(11), С. 1929 - 1941

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mild Deficits in Fear Learning: Evidence from Humans and Mice with Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration

eNeuro, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(2), С. ENEURO.0365 - 23.2023

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Functional brain imaging studies in humans suggest involvement of the cerebellum fear conditioning but do not allow conclusions about functional significance. The main aim present study was to examine whether patients with cerebellar degeneration show impaired and this is accompanied by alterations cortical activations. To end, a 2 d differential conducted 20 21 control subjects using 7 tesla (7 T) MRI system. Fear acquisition extinction training were performed on day 1, followed recall 2. Cerebellar learned differentiate between CS+ CS−. Acquisition consolidation fear, however, slowed. Additionally, learning appeared be delayed. fMRI signal reduced relation prediction aversive stimulus altered its unexpected omission. Similarly, mice (spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, SCA6) able learn association, retrieval memory reduced. In sum, led mild abnormalities responses both mice, particularly manifesting postacquisition training. Future research warranted investigate basis signals related learning.

Язык: Английский

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Altered functional connectivity of brainstem nuclei in new daily persistent headache: Evidence from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Objectives The new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a rare primary disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms of NDPH remain incompletely understood. This study aims to apply seed‐based analysis explore functional connectivity (FC) brainstem nuclei in patients with using resting‐state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods FC from region interest (ROI) whole brain voxels was used investigate 29 and 37 well‐matched healthy controls (HCs) 3.0 Tesla MRI. 76 atlas were defined as ROIs. Furthermore, we explored correlations between patients' clinical characteristics neuropsychological evaluations. Results Patients exhibited reduced multiple compared HCs (including right inferior medullary reticular formation, mesencephalic bilateral locus coeruleus, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus‐central gray rhombencephalon, median raphe, left medial parabrachial nucleus, periaqueductal gray, ventral area‐parabrachial pigmented nucleus complex) increased gray. No significant found these regions or evaluations after Bonferroni correction ( p > 0.00016). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that have abnormal involved perception regulation pain emotions.

Язык: Английский

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Parabrachial Calca neurons mediate second-order conditioning

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2024

Learning to associate cues, both directly and indirectly, with biologically significant events is essential for survival. Second-order conditioning (SOC) involves forming an association between a previously reinforced conditioned stimulus (CS1) new (CS2) without the presence of unconditioned (US). The neural substrates mediating SOC, however, remain unclear. Parabrachial Calca neurons, which react noxious US, also respond CS after pairing suggesting that neurons mediate SOC. We established aversive SOC behavioral paradigm in mice monitored neuron activity via single-cell calcium imaging during subsequent recall phases. These were activated by CS1 CS2 Chemogenetically inhibiting CS1-CS2 attenuated Thus, reactivation US pathway learned plays important role old CS, promoting formation second-order memories.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, most not thoroughly characterized. Here we use a PC-specific cre line anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC synapses are surprisingly widespread, with highest densities found in vestibular parabrachial nuclei. However, there pronounced regional differences synaptic within both Large optogenetically-evoked PC-IPSCs preferentially observed subregions of synapses, suggesting that PCs selectively influence these areas behaviors they regulate. Unexpectedly, pontine central gray nearby subnuclei contained low density large small fraction cells. We combined electrophysiological recordings immunohistochemistry assess molecular identities two putative targets: onto mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were even though close proximity boutons. locus coeruleus exceedingly rare or absent, previous studies concluded major input neurons. The availability highly selective for allowed us study functional while avoiding complications can accompany viral approaches. conclude numerous brainstem nuclei, only inhibit many This suggests target cell types specific behavioral roles regions.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of direct Purkinje cell outputs to the brainstem

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Purkinje cells (PCs) primarily project to cerebellar nuclei but also directly innervate the brainstem. Some PC-brainstem projections have been described previously, most not thoroughly characterized. Here, we use a PC-specific cre line anatomically and electrophysiologically characterize PC synapses are surprisingly widespread, with highest densities found in vestibular parabrachial nuclei. However, there pronounced regional differences synaptic within both Large optogenetically evoked PC-IPSCs preferentially observed subregions of putative boutons, suggesting that PCs selectively influence these areas behaviors they regulate. Unexpectedly, pontine central gray nearby subnuclei contained low density large small fraction cells. We combined electrophysiological recordings immunohistochemistry assess molecular identities two potential targets: onto mesencephalic trigeminal neurons were even though close proximity boutons; locus coeruleus exceedingly rare or absent, previous studies concluded major input neurons. The availability highly selective for allowed us study functional synapses, while avoiding complications can accompany viral approaches. conclude numerous brainstem nuclei, many strongly inhibit This suggests target cell types specific behavioral roles

Язык: Английский

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Region- and cell type-specific changes in gene expression in the cerebellum after classical fear conditioning

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

The cerebellum has recently been recognized for its role in non-motor functions, including classical fear conditioning. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate transcriptional changes associated with auditory Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed that deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), an output region of cerebellum, expression immediate early genes increased following retrieval, suggesting DCN may contribute to processing. As cortex, robust region-specific were observed, distinct patterns emerging across Purkinje cell layer vermis region. To further elucidate specific types involved processing, performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified prominent gene Kit + inhibitory neurons. Collectively, our findings highlight region- cell-type-specific adaptations providing insights into contribution learning.

Язык: Английский

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Distinctive properties of biological neural networks and recent advances in bottom-up approaches toward a better biologically plausible neural network

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Although it may appear infeasible and impractical, building artificial intelligence (AI) using a bottom-up approach based on the understanding of neuroscience is straightforward. The lack generalized governing principle for biological neural networks (BNNs) forces us to address this problem by converting piecemeal information diverse features neurons, synapses, circuits into AI. In review, we described recent attempts build biologically plausible network following neuroscientifically similar strategies optimization or implanting outcome optimization, such as properties single computational units characteristics architecture. addition, proposed formalism relationship between set objectives that attempt achieve, classes categorized how closely their architectural resemble those BNN. This expected define potential roles top-down approaches offer map helping navigation gap AI engineering.

Язык: Английский

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