medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023
ABSTRACT
The
SARS-CoV-2
XBB
is
a
group
of
highly
immune-evasive
lineages
the
Omicron
VOC
that
emerged
by
recombining
BA.2-descendent
and
spread
worldwide
during
2023.
In
this
study,
we
combine
genomic
data
(
n
=
11,065
sequences)
with
epidemiological
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Infection
(SARI)
cases
collected
in
Brazil
between
October
2022
July
2023
to
reconstruct
space-time
dynamics
epidemiologic
impact
dissemination
country.
Our
analyses
revealed
introduction
local
emergence
carrying
convergent
mutations
within
Spike
protein,
especially
F486P,
F456L,
L455F,
propelled
XBB*
Brazil.
average
relative
instantaneous
reproduction
numbers
XBB*+F486P,
XBB*+F486P+F456L,
XBB*+F486P+
F456L+L455F
were
estimated
be
1.24,
1.33,
1.48
higher
than
other
co-circulating
(mainly
BQ.1*/BE*),
respectively.
Despite
such
growth
advantage,
these
had
reduced
on
Brazil’s
scenario
concerning
previous
subvariants.
peak
number
SARI
from
wave
was
approximately
90%,
80%,
70%
lower
observed
BA.1*,
BA.5*,
BQ.1*
waves,
These
findings
multiple
progressively
increasing
yet
relatively
limited
throughout
XBB*+F486P+F456L+L455F
stand
out
for
their
heightened
transmissibility,
warranting
close
monitoring
months
ahead.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(2), С. 217 - 217
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024
Among
the
anti-Spike
monoclonal
antibodies
(mAbs),
S-309
derivative
sotrovimab
was
most
successful
in
having
longest
temporal
window
of
clinical
use,
showing
a
high
degree
resiliency
to
SARS-CoV-2
evolution
interrupted
only
by
appearance
BA.2.86*
variant
interest
(VOI).
This
success
undoubtedly
reflects
rational
selection
target
highly
conserved
epitope
coronavirus
Spike
proteins.
We
review
here
efficacy
against
different
variants
outpatients
and
inpatients,
discussing
both
randomized
controlled
trials
real-world
evidence.
Although
it
could
not
be
anticipated
at
time
its
development
introduction,
sotrovimab's
use
immunocompromised
individuals
who
harbor
large
populations
viruses
created
conditions
for
eventual
demise,
as
antibody
viral
led
withdrawal
due
inefficacy
later
lineages.
Despite
this,
based
on
observational
data,
some
authorities
have
continued
promote
sotrovimab,
but
lack
binding
newer
strongly
argues
futility
use.
The
story
highlights
power
modern
biomedical
science
generate
novel
therapeutics
while
also
providing
cautionary
tale
need
devise
strategies
minimize
emergence
resistance
antibody-based
therapeutics.
Microbiology Spectrum,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
SARS-CoV-2
XBB
is
a
group
of
highly
immune-evasive
lineages
the
Omicron
variant
concern
that
emerged
by
recombining
BA.2-descendent
and
spread
worldwide
during
2023.
In
this
study,
we
combine
genomic
data
(
n
=
11,065
sequences)
with
epidemiological
severe
acute
respiratory
infection
(SARI)
cases
collected
in
Brazil
between
October
2022
July
2023
to
reconstruct
space-time
dynamics
epidemiologic
impact
dissemination
country.
Our
analyses
revealed
introduction
local
emergence
carrying
convergent
mutations
within
Spike
protein,
especially
F486P,
F456L,
L455F,
propelled
XBB*
Brazil.
average
relative
instantaneous
reproduction
numbers
+
F486P
F456L
L455F
were
estimated
be
1.24,
1.33,
1.48
higher
than
other
co-circulating
(mainly
BQ.1*/BE*),
respectively.
Despite
such
growth
advantage,
these
had
reduced
on
Brazil’s
scenario
concerning
previous
subvariants.
peak
number
SARI
from
wave
was
approximately
90%,
80%,
70%
lower
observed
BA.1*,
BA.5*,
BQ.1*
waves,
These
findings
multiple
progressively
increasing
yet
relatively
limited
throughout
stand
out
for
their
heightened
transmissibility,
warranting
close
monitoring
months
ahead.
IMPORTANCE
one
most
affected
countries
pandemic,
more
700,000
deaths
mid-2023.
This
study
reconstructs
virus
country
first
half
2023,
period
characterized
descendants
XBB.1,
recombinant
BA.2
evolved
late
2022.
analysis
supports
marked
continuous
indigenous
bearing
similar
key
sites
process
followed
increments
without
repercussions
incidence
cases.
Thus,
results
suggest
influenced
an
intricate
interplay
factors
extend
beyond
virus's
transmissibility
alone.
also
underlines
need
surveillance
allows
its
ever-shifting
composition.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(5), С. 697 - 697
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024
Since
the
SARS-CoV-2
Omicron
virus
has
gained
dominance
worldwide,
its
continual
evolution
with
unpredictable
mutations
and
patterns
revoked
all
authorized
immunotherapeutics.
Rapid
viral
also
necessitated
several
rounds
of
vaccine
updates
in
order
to
provide
adequate
immune
protection.
It
remains
imperative
understand
how
evolves
into
different
subvariants
causes
escape
as
this
could
help
reevaluate
current
intervention
strategies
mostly
implemented
clinics
emergency
measures
counter
pandemic
and,
importantly,
develop
new
solutions.
Here,
we
a
review
focusing
on
major
events
evolution,
including
features
spike
mutation
that
lead
evasion
against
monoclonal
antibody
(mAb)
therapy
vaccination,
suggest
alternative
durable
options
such
ACE2-based
experimental
therapies
superior
mAbs
address
unprecedented
virus.
In
addition,
type
unique
virus-trapping
molecules
can
zoonotic
SARS
coronaviruses,
either
from
unknown
animal
hosts
or
established
wild-life
reservoirs
SARS-CoV-2,
even
seasonal
alpha
coronavirus
NL63
depends
human
ACE2
for
infection.
The
continued
evolution
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
requires
persistent
monitoring
its
subvariants.
Omicron
subvariants
are
responsible
for
the
vast
majority
SARS-CoV-2
infections
worldwide,
with
XBB
and
BA.2.86
sublineages
representing
more
than
90%
circulating
strains
as
January
2024.
To
better
understand
parameters
involved
in
viral
transmission,
we
characterized
functional
properties
Spike
glycoproteins
from
BA.2.75,
CH.1.1,
DV.7.1,
BA.4/5,
BQ.1.1,
XBB,
XBB.1,
XBB.1.16,
XBB.1.5,
FD.1.1,
EG.5.1,
HK.3,
JN.1.
We
tested
their
capacity
to
evade
plasma-mediated
recognition
neutralization,
binding
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE2),
susceptibility
cold
inactivation,
processing,
well
impact
temperature
on
Spike-ACE2
interaction.
found
that
compared
early
wild-type
(D614G)
strain,
most
subvariants'
evolved
escape
neutralization
by
plasma
individuals
who
received
a
fifth
dose
bivalent
(BA.1
or
BA.4/5)
mRNA
vaccine
improve
ACE2
binding,
particularly
at
low
temperatures.
Moreover,
had
best
affinity
all
temperatures
tested.
processing
is
associated
inactivation.
Intriguingly,
was
significantly
growth
rates
humans.
Overall,
report
Spikes
newly
emerged
relatively
stable
resistant
present
improved
which
associated,
temperatures,
rates.IMPORTANCEThe
gave
rise
wide
range
variants
harboring
new
mutations
glycoproteins.
Several
factors
have
been
transmission
fitness
such
plasma-neutralization
whether
additional
could
be
importance
variants'
characterize
several
glycoprotein
presents
an
further
temperature.
interaction
strongly
rate,
such,
represent
another
parameter
affecting
transmission.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(2), С. 144 - 144
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024
The
recently
emerged
SARS-CoV-2
Omicron
sublineages,
including
the
BA.2-derived
XBB.1.5
(Kraken),
XBB.1.16
(Arcturus),
and
EG.5.1
(Eris),
have
accumulated
several
spike
mutations
that
may
increase
immune
escape,
affecting
vaccine
effectiveness.
Older
adults
are
an
understudied
group
at
significantly
increased
risk
of
severe
COVID-19.
Here
we
report
neutralizing
activities
177
sera
samples
from
59
older
adults,
aged
62–97
years,
1
4
months
after
vaccination
with
a
4th
dose
ChAdOx1-S
(Oxford/AstraZeneca)
3
5th
Comirnaty
Bivalent
Original/Omicron
BA.4/BA.5
(Pfizer-BioNTech).
vaccination-induced
antibodies
neutralized
efficiently
ancestral
D614G
BA.4/5
variants,
but
to
much
lesser
extent
XBB.1.5,
XBB.1.16,
variants.
results
showed
similar
neutralization
titers
between
were
lower
compared
XBB.1.5.
Sera
same
individuals
boosted
bivalent
mRNA
contained
higher
antibody
titers,
providing
better
cross-protection
against
Previous
history
infection
during
epidemiological
waves
BA.1/BA.2
BA.4/BA.5,
poorly
enhanced
activity
serum
XBBs
Our
data
highlight
continued
evasion
recent
subvariants
support
booster
administration
vaccine,
as
continuous
strategy
updating
future
doses
match
newly
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
96(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract
After
the
termination
of
zero‐COVID‐19
policy,
populace
in
China
has
experienced
both
Omicron
BA.5
and
XBB
waves.
Considering
poor
antibody
responses
severe
outcomes
observed
among
elderly
following
infection,
we
conducted
a
longitudinal
investigation
to
examine
epidemiological
characteristics
kinetics
107
boosted
participants
We
that
96
(89.7%)
were
infected
with
BA.5,
while
59
(55.1%)
XBB.
Notably,
52
(48.6%)
dual
infections
The
proportion
symptomatic
cases
appeared
decrease
wave
(18.6%)
compared
after
(59.3%).
breakthrough
infection
induced
lower
neutralizing
titers
against
XBB.1.5,
BA.2.86,
JN.1,
reinfection
broadened
all
measured
subvariants
may
alleviate
wild
type‐vaccination
immune
imprinting.
Boosted
vaccination
type
comorbidities
significant
factors
associated
responses.
Updated
vaccines
based
on
emerging
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
variants
are
needed
control
Coronavirus
Disease
2019
pandemic
elderly.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(15), С. 18591 - 18607
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
has
caused
a
global
pandemic
since
its
onset
in
2019,
and
the
development
of
effective
vaccines
for
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
to
induce
potent
long-lasting
immunity
remains
priority.
Herein,
we
prepared
two
Lactobacillus
exopolysaccharide
(EPS)
nanoparticle
adjuvants
(NPs
7-4
NPs
8-2)
that
were
constructed
by
using
sulfation-modified
EPS
quaternization-modified
chitosan.
These
displayed
spherical
morphology
with
sizes
39
47
nm.
Furthermore,
zeta
potentials
8-2
50.40
44.40
mV,
respectively.
In
vitro
assays
demonstrated
could
effectively
adsorb
antigenic
proteins
exhibited
sustained
release
effect.
Mouse
immunization
tests
showed
induced
expression
cytokines
chemokines
at
injection
site
promoted
uptake
macrophages.
Mechanically,
upregulated
pattern
recognition
receptors
(toll-like
nod-like
receptors)
activated
immune
response
T
cells
production
neutralizing
antibodies.
addition,
NP
had
favorable
immune-enhancing
effects
cats,
which
are
great
significance
controlling
trans-host
transmission
re-endemicity
SARS-CoV-2.
Overall,
NP-adjuvanted
SARS-CoV-2
receptor
binding
domain
robust
specific
humoral
cellular
immunity.
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
has
sparked
widespread
concern
globally,
particularly
with
the
Omicron
variant
and
its
sub-lineages
emerging
as
predominant
cause
of
infection
for
nearly
two
years.
Taiwan's
successful
containment
COVID-19,
underscored
by
broad
vaccine
coverage,
utilization
anti-viral
therapeutics,
timely
response
strategies,
resulted
in
reduced
excess
mortality.
Moreover,
there
is
a
crucial
need
phased
exit
strategy,
balancing
efforts
to
curtail
transmission
mitigation
socioeconomic
impacts
from
rigorous
measures.
In
this
review,
we
examined
evolution
epidemiological
landscape
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
sub-variants
Taiwan
well
other
countries
world.
We
also
critically
evaluated
effectiveness
COVID-19
vaccines
against
various
SARS-CoV-2
variants.
Additionally,
addressed
advantages
heterologous
immunization
fluctuations
neutralizing
antibody
titers,
complexities
establishing
protective
correlates
among
swiftly
mutating
viral
