Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
Abstract
Neural
stem
cells
have
intact
innate
immune
responses
that
protect
them
from
virus
infection
and
cell
death.
Yet,
viruses
can
antagonize
such
to
establish
neuropathogenesis.
Using
a
forebrain
organoid
model
system
at
two
developmental
time
points,
we
identified
neural
cells,
in
particular
radial
glia,
are
basally
primed
respond
by
upregulating
several
antiviral
interferon-stimulated
genes.
Infection
of
these
organoids
with
neuropathogenic
Enterovirus-D68
strain,
demonstrated
the
ability
this
impede
activation
blocking
interferon
responses.
Together,
our
data
highlight
gene
signatures
present
different
types
differential
viral
capacity
block
neural-specific
induction.
Chinese Medical Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025
Abstract
The
high
failure
rates
in
clinical
drug
development
based
on
animal
models
highlight
the
urgent
need
for
more
representative
human
biomedical
research.
In
response
to
this
demand,
organoids
and
organ
chips
were
integrated
greater
physiological
relevance
dynamic,
controlled
experimental
conditions.
This
innovative
platform—the
organoids-on-a-chip
technology—shows
great
promise
disease
modeling,
discovery,
personalized
medicine,
attracting
interest
from
researchers,
clinicians,
regulatory
authorities,
industry
stakeholders.
review
traces
evolution
organoids-on-a-chip,
driven
by
necessity
advanced
biological
models.
We
summarize
applications
of
simulating
pathological
phenotypes
therapeutic
evaluation
technology.
section
highlights
how
integrating
technologies
chips,
such
as
microfluidic
systems,
mechanical
stimulation,
sensor
integration,
optimizes
organoid
cell
types,
spatial
structure,
functions,
thereby
expanding
their
applications.
conclude
addressing
current
challenges
offering
insights
into
prospects.
advancement
is
poised
enhance
fidelity,
standardization,
scalability.
Furthermore,
integration
cutting-edge
interdisciplinary
collaborations
will
be
crucial
progression
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023
Tridimensional
cultures
of
human
induced
pluripotent
cells
(iPSCs)
experimentally
directed
to
neural
differentiation,
termed
“brain
organoids”
are
now
employed
as
an
in
vitro
assay
that
recapitulates
early
developmental
stages
nervous
tissue
differentiation.
Technical
progress
culture
methodology
enabled
the
generation
regionally
specialized
organoids
with
structural
and
neurochemical
characters
distinct
encephalic
regions.
The
technical
process
organoid
elaboration
is
undergoing
progressively
implementation,
but
current
robustness
has
attracted
attention
psychiatric
research
substitute/complement
animal
experimentation
for
analyzing
pathophysiology
disorders.
Numerous
morphological,
structural,
molecular
functional
insights
disorders
have
been
uncovered
by
comparing
brain
made
iPSCs
obtained
from
control
healthy
subjects
patients.
Brain
were
also
response
conventional
treatments,
search
new
drugs,
anticipate
therapeutic
individual
patients
a
personalized
manner.
In
this
review,
we
gather
data
studying
cerebral
three
most
frequent
serious
disorders:
schizophrenia,
major
depression
disorder,
bipolar
disorder.
Among
these
studies,
emphasize:
(i)
origin
pathologies
takes
place
embryonic
development;
(ii)
existence
shared
pathogenic
aspects
among
disorders;
(iii)
occurrence
differences
between
bearing
same
(iv)
alterations
can
be
activated
or
aggravated
environmental
signals
genetic
risk
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(17)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental
disorders
are
mostly
studied
using
mice
as
models.
However,
the
mouse
brain
lacks
similar
cell
types
and
structures
those
of
human
brain.
In
recent
years,
emergence
three‐dimensional
organoids
derived
from
embryonic
stem
cells
or
induced
pluripotent
allows
for
controlled
monitoring
evaluation
early
neurodevelopmental
processes
has
opened
a
window
studying
various
aspects
development.
such
lack
original
anatomical
structure
during
maturation,
maturation
that
rely
on
unique
cellular
interactions
neural
network
connections
limited.
Consequently,
difficult
to
be
used
extensively
effectively
while
modelling
later
stages
development
disease
progression.
To
address
this
problem,
several
methods
technologies
have
emerged
aim
enhance
sophisticated
regulation
developmental
through
bioengineering
approaches,
which
may
alleviate
some
current
limitations.
This
review
discusses
advances
application
areas
organoid
culture
methods,
aiming
generalize
optimization
strategies
systems,
improve
ability
mimic
development,
value
organoids.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2024
Neural
stem
cells
have
intact
innate
immune
responses
that
protect
them
from
virus
infection
and
cell
death.
Yet,
viruses
can
antagonize
such
to
establish
neuropathogenesis.
Using
a
forebrain
organoid
model
system
at
two
developmental
time
points,
we
identified
neural
cells,
in
particular
radial
glia,
are
basally
primed
respond
by
upregulating
several
antiviral
interferon-stimulated
genes.
Infection
of
these
organoids
with
neuropathogenic
Enterovirus-D68
strain,
demonstrated
the
ability
this
impede
activation
blocking
interferon
responses.
Together,
our
data
highlight
gene
signatures
present
different
types
differential
viral
capacity
block
neural-specific
induction.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Abstract
The
strong
size
increase
of
the
human
neocortex
is
supported
both
by
amplification
and
basal
translocation
a
neural
stem
cell
population,
radial
glial
cells
(or
bRG
cells).
Using
live
imaging
second
trimester
fetal
tissue
cortical
organoids,
we
identify
two
independent
modes
for
colonization
neocortex.
On
top
an
actomyosin-dependent
movement
called
mitotic
somal
(MST),
microtubule-dependent
motion
occurring
during
interphase,
that
call
interphasic
(IST).
We
show
IST
driven
LINC
complex,
through
nuclear
envelope
recruitment
dynein
motor
its
activator
LIS1.
Consequently,
severely
altered
in
LIS1
patient-derived
organoids.
also
demonstrate
MST
occurs
prometaphase
spindle
event.
controlled
rounding
molecular
pathway,
via
Moesin
Vimentin,
driving
translocation.
report
85%
due
to
IST,
total
0,67
mm
per
month
gestation.
Our
work
identifies
how
colonize
cortex,
further
shows
are
conserved
bRG-related
migrating
glioblastoma
cells.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Malformations
of
cortical
development
encompass
a
broad
range
disorders
associated
with
abnormalities
in
corticogenesis.
Widespread
neuronal
formation
or
migration
can
lead
to
small
head
size
microcephaly
disorganized
placement
cell
types.
Specific,
localized
malformations
are
termed
focal
dysplasias
(FCD).
Neurodevelopmental
common
all
types
the
most
prominent
being
refractory
epilepsy,
behavioral
such
as
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD),
and
learning
disorders.
Several
genetic
pathways
have
been
these
from
control
cycle
cytoskeletal
dynamics
global
variants
growth
factor
signaling
pathways,
especially
those
interacting
mechanistic
target
rapamycin
(mTOR),
FCDs.
Despite
advances
understanding
disorders,
underlying
developmental
that
lesion
mechanisms
through
which
defects
cause
specific
neurological
symptoms
often
remains
unclear.
One
limitation
is
difficulty
modeling
animal
models
frequently
do
not
faithfully
mirror
human
phenotype.
To
circumvent
this
obstacle,
many
investigators
turned
three-dimensional
stem
brain,
known
organoids,
because
they
recapitulate
early
neurodevelopmental
processes.
High
throughput
analysis
organoids
presents
promising
opportunity
model
pathophysiological
processes
across
breadth
development.
In
review,
we
highlight
pathophysiology
brain
using
organoid
models.
Trends in Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Brain
organoids
are
important
3D
models
for
studying
human
brain
development,
disease,
and
evolution.
To
overcome
some
of
the
existing
limitations
that
affect
organoid
quality,
reproducibility,
characteristics,
in
vivo
resemblance,
current
efforts
directed
to
improve
their
physiological
relevance
by
exploring
different,
yet
interconnected,
routes.
In
this
review,
these
approaches
latest
developments
discussed,
including
stem
cell
optimization,
refining
morphogen
administration
strategies,
altering
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
manipulating
tissue
architecture
mimic
morphogenesis.
Additionally,
strategies
increase
diversity
enhance
maturation,
such
as
establishing
co-cultures,
assembloids,
xenotransplantation,
reviewed.
We
explore
how
various
factors
can
be
tuned
intermingled
speculate
on
future
avenues
towards
even
more
physiologically-advanced
organoids.
Trends in Neurosciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
The
human
brain
is
characterized
by
impressive
cognitive
abilities.
neocortex
the
seat
of
higher
cognition,
and
expansion
a
hallmark
evolution.
While
developmental
programs
are
similar
in
different
species,
timing
transitions
capacity
neural
progenitor
cells
(NPCs)
to
proliferate
differ,
contributing
increased
production
neurons
during
cortical
development.
Here,
we
review
epigenetic
regulation
corticogenesis,
focusing
mostly
on
humans
while
building
knowledge
from
studies
mice.
We
discuss
metabolic-epigenetic
interplay
as
potential
mechanism
integrate
extracellular
signals
into
chromatin.
Moreover,
synthesize
current
understanding
how
metabolic
deregulation
can
cause
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Finally,
outline
be
investigated
using
organoid
models.
