Brain organoid protocols and limitations
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Stem
cell-derived
organoid
technology
is
a
powerful
tool
that
revolutionizes
the
field
of
biomedical
research
and
extends
scope
our
understanding
human
biology
diseases.
Brain
organoids
especially
open
an
opportunity
for
brain
modeling
many
neurological
diseases,
which
have
lagged
due
to
inaccessibility
samples
lack
similarity
with
other
animal
models.
can
be
generated
through
various
protocols
mimic
whole
or
region-specific.
To
provide
overview
technology,
we
summarize
currently
available
list
several
factors
consider
before
choosing
protocols.
We
also
outline
limitations
current
challenges
need
solved
in
future
investigation
development
pathobiology.
Язык: Английский
Emerging approaches to enhance human brain organoid physiology
Trends in Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Brain
organoids
are
important
3D
models
for
studying
human
brain
development,
disease,
and
evolution.
To
overcome
some
of
the
existing
limitations
that
affect
organoid
quality,
reproducibility,
characteristics,
in
vivo
resemblance,
current
efforts
directed
to
improve
their
physiological
relevance
by
exploring
different,
yet
interconnected,
routes.
In
this
review,
these
approaches
latest
developments
discussed,
including
stem
cell
optimization,
refining
morphogen
administration
strategies,
altering
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
manipulating
tissue
architecture
mimic
morphogenesis.
Additionally,
strategies
increase
diversity
enhance
maturation,
such
as
establishing
co-cultures,
assembloids,
xenotransplantation,
reviewed.
We
explore
how
various
factors
can
be
tuned
intermingled
speculate
on
future
avenues
towards
even
more
physiologically-advanced
organoids.
Язык: Английский
Cell compression – relevance, mechanotransduction mechanisms and tools
Journal of Cell Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
138(6)
Опубликована: Март 15, 2025
ABSTRACT
From
border
cell
migration
during
Drosophila
embryogenesis
to
solid
stresses
inside
tumors,
cells
are
often
compressed
physiological
and
pathological
processes,
triggering
major
responses.
Cell
compression
can
be
observed
in
vivo
but
also
controlled
vitro
through
tools
such
as
micro-channels
or
planar
confinement
assays.
Such
have
recently
become
commercially
available,
allowing
a
broad
research
community
tackle
the
role
of
variety
contexts.
This
has
led
discovery
conserved
compression-triggered
modes,
fate
determinants
mechanosensitive
pathways,
among
others.
In
this
Review,
we
will
first
address
different
ways
which
their
biological
Then,
discuss
distinct
mechanosensing
mechanotransducing
pathways
that
activate
response
compression.
Finally,
describe
systems
been
engineered
compress
cells.
Язык: Английский
Protocol to encapsulate cerebral organoids with alginate hydrogel shell to induce volumetric compression
STAR Protocols,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(2), С. 102952 - 102952
Опубликована: Март 29, 2024
In
vitro
organoids,
including
cerebral
are
usually
developed
without
mechanical
compression,
which
may
contribute
to
a
delay
in
maturation.
Here,
we
present
protocol
for
encapsulating
organoids
with
thin
shell
of
low-concentration
alginate
hydrogel.
We
describe
steps
organoid
generation,
microfluidic
chip
culture,
Matrigel
coating,
expansion
and
encapsulation.
then
detail
procedures
maturation
culture
characterization.
The
moderate
compressive
stimulation
that
the
provides
promotes
cell
proliferation
neuronal
For
complete
details
on
use
execution
this
protocol,
please
refer
Tang
et
al.1
Язык: Английский
Volumetric compression for engineering living systems
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Язык: Английский
Ultra-small tissue-compatible organoid printer for rapid and controllable modeling of respiratory organoids
Device,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2(8), С. 100420 - 100420
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Current
organoid
technology
faces
challenges
such
as
low
throughput
and
limited
automation,
which
leads
to
inconsistencies
in
development
hinders
clinical
applications.
The
ability
handle
ultra-small
samples
greatly
restricts
the
use
of
organoids
settings.
Our
research
introduces
OrgFab,
an
integrated
bioprinter
that
is
able
manipulate
down
5
μL
accurately
print
onto
384-well
plates.
A
10-μL
bioink
produces
around
100
precursors,
enough
for
one
batch
drug
testing.
instrument
operates
a
fully
automated
manner,
from
sample
injection
patterning,
seeding
density
initial
cells
can
be
adjusted.
High-density
microfluidic
droplet
encapsulation
was
used
produce
respiratory
with
high
fidelity
microenvironment
recovery.
This
method
accelerates
maturation
due
increased
paracrine
signaling,
shown
by
RNA
sequencing.
promises
automate
organoid-based
assays
standardized
discovery
diagnostics.
Язык: Английский
Converging neural-centric and mechano-regulation in organoid modeling for system biology and medicine
The Innovation Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2(3), С. 100076 - 100076
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
<p>The
understanding
of
complex
biological
systems
and
the
development
effective
precision
medicine
strategies
necessitate
controllable
tractable
experimental
models.
The
human
body
is
composed
systemic
systematic
interactions
at
multiple
levels
such
as
occurs
between
cells,
tissues,
organs.
Hence,
how
to
recapitulate
system
complexity
has
become
an
inevitable
problem.
This
review
emphasizes
need
understand
organs
by
exploring
potential
use
organoids
their
derivatives.
We
focus
on
nervous
its
pivotal
roles
in
regulation
peripheral
organs,
meanwhile,
highlight
importance
often
overlooked
mechanobiological
factors.
controls
many
neuromodulation
processes
capable
transmitting
information
through
electrophysiology.
In
addition,
mechano-regulation
operates
cellular
microenvironment
levels,
functioning
system-level
regulation.
It
can
influence
neural
tissue
or
collaborate
with
nerves
direct
skin
visceral
responses
immunity.
To
achieve
<i>in
situ</i>
probing
manipulation
processes,
we
recommend
organoid
assembloids
that
directly
fusion
individual
create
interactive
structures
neural-centric
complexes
conditions,
organoids-on-a-chip
relies
microfluidic
chips
tailorable
bioreactors
form
multi-organ
associations
simulate
incorporate
neurological
regulations.
Based
mechano-regulatory
may
develop
more
systematic,
biomimetic,
robust
in-vitro
These
models
not
only
approach
genuine
physiology
pathology
humans
without
sacrificing
real-time
observation
capabilities
but
present
minimal
ethical
concerns
offer
substantial
for
industrial
scalability.</p>
Язык: Английский
Arched Microfluidic Channel for the Promotion of Axonal Growth Performance
iScience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(10), С. 110885 - 110885
Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024
Uniformly
distributed
fluid
shear
stress
can
promote
axonal
growth,
aiding
in
the
efficient
construction
of
functional
neural
interfaces.
However,
challenges
remain
micro-scale
environment
with
a
uniform
fluidic
distribution.
In
this
study,
we
designed
and
fabricated
microfluidic
chip
arched-section
channels
(AMCs)
to
increase
primary
cortical
neuron
growth
rate
terminal
number
by
constructing
uniform-stress-distributed
environment.
Inspired
three-dimensional
(3D)
microenvironment
where
cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting
neurons
are
located,
surface
curvature
traditional
rectangular-section
channel
(RMC)
was
adjusted
construct
structures
3D
curved
surfaces.
Compared
those
on
RMC
chips,
average
axons
AMC
chips
increased
8.9%
within
19
days,
terminals
14.9%.
This
platform
provides
structure
that
effectively
has
potential
more
complex
Язык: Английский