Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
26(1)
Опубликована: Май 11, 2019
Nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD)
is
an
important
coenzyme
that
participates
in
various
energy
metabolism
pathways,
including
glycolysis,
β-oxidation,
and
oxidative
phosphorylation.
Besides,
it
a
required
cofactor
for
post-translational
modifications
such
as
ADP-ribosylation
deacetylation
by
poly
(ADP-ribose)
polymerases
(PARPs)
sirtuins,
respectively.
Thus,
NAD
regulates
metabolism,
DNA
damage
repair,
gene
expression,
stress
response
through
these
enzymes.
Numerous
studies
have
shown
levels
decrease
with
aging
under
disturbed
nutrient
conditions,
obesity.
Additionally,
decline
closely
related
to
the
development
of
metabolic
disorders,
diabetes
fatty
liver
disease.
In
addition,
many
revealed
administration
precursors,
nicotinamide
mononucleotide
(NMN)
riboside
(NR),
efficiently
increase
tissues
prevent
diseases.
These
precursors
are
contained
natural
foods,
cow
milk,
vegetables,
meats.
Therefore,
altered
can
be
practical
target
nutritional
intervention.
Recently,
several
human
clinical
trials
using
been
conducted
investigate
safety,
pharmacokinetics,
efficacy
against
disorders
glucose
intolerance.
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
on
implications
diseases
discuss
outcomes
recent
trials.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
30(6), С. 1670 - 1681.e7
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020
Reproductive
aging
in
female
mammals
is
an
irreversible
process
associated
with
declining
oocyte
quality,
which
the
rate-limiting
factor
to
fertility.
Here,
we
show
that
this
loss
of
quality
age
accompanies
levels
prominent
metabolic
cofactor
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+).
Treatment
NAD+
precursor
mononucleotide
(NMN)
rejuvenates
aged
animals,
leading
restoration
fertility,
and
can
be
recapitulated
by
transgenic
overexpression
NAD+-dependent
deacylase
SIRT2,
though
deletion
enzyme
does
not
impair
quality.
These
benefits
NMN
extend
developing
embryo,
where
supplementation
reverses
adverse
effect
maternal
on
developmental
milestones.
findings
suggest
late-life
represents
opportunity
rescue
reproductive
function
mammals.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2019
The
causes
of
impaired
skeletal
muscle
mass
and
strength
during
aging
are
well-studied
in
healthy
populations.
Less
is
known
on
pathological
age-related
wasting
weakness
termed
sarcopenia,
which
directly
impacts
physical
autonomy
survival.
Here,
we
compare
genome-wide
transcriptional
changes
sarcopenia
versus
age-matched
controls
biopsies
from
119
older
men
Singapore,
Hertfordshire
UK
Jamaica.
Individuals
with
reproducibly
demonstrate
a
prominent
signature
mitochondrial
bioenergetic
dysfunction
muscle,
low
PGC-1α/ERRα
signalling,
downregulation
oxidative
phosphorylation
proteostasis
genes.
These
translate
functionally
into
fewer
mitochondria,
reduced
respiratory
complex
expression
activity,
NAD+
levels
through
perturbed
biosynthesis
salvage
sarcopenic
muscle.
We
provide
an
integrated
molecular
profile
human
across
ethnicities,
demonstrating
fundamental
role
altered
metabolism
the
loss
function
people.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020
CD38
is
a
molecule
that
can
act
as
an
enzyme,
with
NAD-depleting
and
intracellular
signaling
activity,
or
receptor
adhesive
functions.
be
found
expressed
either
on
the
cell
surface,
where
it
may
face
extracellular
milieu
cytosol,
in
compartments,
such
endoplasmic
reticulum,
nuclear
membrane,
mitochondria.
The
main
expression
of
observed
hematopoietic
cells,
some
cell-type
specific
differences
between
mouse
human.
role
immune
cells
ranges
from
modulating
differentiation
to
effector
functions
during
inflammation,
regulate
recruitment,
cytokine
release,
NAD
availability.
In
line
appears
also
play
critical
inflammatory
processes
autoimmunity,
although
whether
has
pathogenic
regulatory
effects
varies
depending
disease,
cell,
animal
model
analyzed.
Given
complexity
physiology
been
difficult
completely
understand
biology
this
autoimmune
inflammation.
review,
we
analyze
current
knowledge
controversies
regarding
inflammation
autoimmunity
novel
molecular
tools
clarify
gaps
field.
Molecular Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
49, С. 101195 - 101195
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2021
Nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+),
a
critical
coenzyme
present
in
every
living
cell,
is
involved
myriad
of
metabolic
processes
associated
with
cellular
bioenergetics.
For
this
reason,
NAD+
often
studied
the
context
aging,
cancer,
and
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Cellular
depletion
compromised
adaptive
stress
responses,
impaired
neuronal
plasticity,
DNA
repair,
senescence.
Increasing
evidence
has
shown
efficacy
boosting
levels
using
precursors
various
diseases.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
understanding
into
role
aging
other
pathologies
discusses
potential
therapeutic
targets.
An
alteration
NAD+/NADH
ratio
or
pool
size
can
lead
to
derailment
biological
system
contribute
disorders,
tumorigenesis.
Due
varied
distribution
different
locations
within
cells,
direct
NAD+-dependent
humans
remains
unestablished.
In
regard,
longitudinal
studies
are
needed
quantify
its
related
metabolites.
Future
research
should
focus
on
measuring
fluxes
through
pathways
synthesis
degradation.
