Insights into the biophysical and molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced growth in Brassica juncea L. under lead-induced hormesis

South African Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 181, С. 105 - 116

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Is non-invasive neuromodulation a viable technique to improve neuroplasticity in individuals with acquired brain injury? A review

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

This study aimed to explore and evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a standalone or coupled intervention understand its mechanisms produce positive alterations in neuroplasticity behavioral outcomes after acquired injury (ABI).

Язык: Английский

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Circadian clocks in human cerebral organoids

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Summary Circadian rhythms result from cell-intrinsic timing mechanisms that impact health and disease 1,2 . To date, however, neural circadian research has largely focused on the hypothalamic circuitry of nocturnal rodents 3 Whether exist in human brain cells is unknown. Here we show bona fide neurons, glia, cerebral organoids, organoid slices (ALI-COs) 4–8 Human are synchronised by physiological cues such as glucocorticoids daily temperature cycles, these temperature-compensated across range normal temperatures 9 Astrocyte phase-advanced relative to other cultures they modulate neuronal clock responses shift. Cerebral more robust at temperatures; amplitude increases over time culture their resetting capacity recapitulates key neurodevelopmental transitions glucocorticoid signalling 10–14 Remarkably, post-transcriptional bioluminescent reporter retained even when those putative transcriptional drivers indiscernible 15 , electrophysiology recordings confirm functional activity monocultures, ALI-COs. Around one third proteome phosphoproteome circadian-rhythmic, with temporal consolidation disease-relevant processes. Finally, can be modulated disrupted commonly used brain-permeant drugs mistimed cortisol exposure, respectively. Our results demonstrate tissues develop own oscillations canonical clockwork may inadequate explain rhythmic phenomena. 2D 3D represent complementary tractable models for exploring emergence, disruption, mechanics clockwork, important implications chronobiology, function, health.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the potential for psilocybin as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 392(1), С. 100026 - 100026

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition that develops following exposure to traumatic event. Individuals with this experience numerous physiological and behavioral alterations, including intrusive memories, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, heightened anxiety, hypervigilance, impaired cognition, elevated resting heart rate blood pressure, altered neuroendocrine function, name few. In most patients, currently available pharmacological psychological treatments are insufficient alleviate the array symptoms associated disorder. Thus, novel treatment options can more effectively target core etiology PTSD desperately needed. Recent work demonstrating psychoplastogenic effects psychedelics has reinvigorated research examine their therapeutic potential in conditions. Psilocybin, psychedelic found Psilocybe genus mushrooms, exhibited promising antidepressant anxiolytic preclinical clinical studies. The purpose review summarize existing examined psilocybin link it efficacy treating PTSD-related symptoms. proposed mechanisms for psilocybin's then explored, as benefits drawbacks agent's use. Finally, challenges faced by investigators aiming study aid future studies discussed order shed light on budding area research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Current pharmacotherapy post-traumatic insufficient. Traditional antidepressants anxiolytics help reduce symptom severity, but nonresponse rates often reach levels greater than 50%, emphasizing need effective options. goal evidence psilocybin, compound mushrooms. observed related use PTSD.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the molecular mechanisms of curcumin in modulating memory impairment in neurodegenerative disorders

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The use of combined cognitive training and non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate impulsivity in adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024

Impulsivity, a tendency to act rashly and without forethought, is core feature of many mental disorders that has been implicated in suicidality offending behaviours. While research supports the use non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial direct current (tDCS), modulate functions, no studies specifically reviewed combined cognitive training NIBS impulsivity.

Язык: Английский

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Enhanced Cardiac Vagal Activity and Mood After Low-Dose Hypoxic Gas Inhalation in Healthy Young Adults

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Purpose Developing mindfulness-based strategies to efficiently improve cardiac vagal activity (CVA) is crucial for enhancing mood and managing stress. Recent studies have suggested that inhaling hypoxic gas could enhance CVA. However, the dynamics of CVA in response acute hypoxia remain unelucidated, indicating proper conditions expected trigger hormetic stress effect on are unknown. Therefore, we aimed achieve a comprehensive understanding required following hypoxia. Methods Twenty-one healthy adults were assigned participate both (NH) normoxic (NN) conditions. Heart rate variability, saturation percutaneous oxygen (SpO₂), monitored across sessions: Pre (5 min), Hypoxia^1–2 (10 min; NH, fraction inspiratory (FIO₂): 13.5% or NN, FIO₂: 20.9%), Post^1–4 (20 min). The Baevsky index (SI) was incorporated into square root. For time domain analysis CVA, standard deviation NN intervals (SDNN) root mean successive differences (RMSSD) utilized. Results In NH condition, SpO₂ decreased 88.1 ± 0.6 during hypoxia, accompanied by reductions log transformed (ln) SDNN lnRMSSD. After indicators rebounded, exhibiting supercompensation phenomenon. Pleasure levels declined but rapidly rebounded afterward, which linked fluctuations lnRMSSD SI. Conclusion We discovered short-term inhalation low-dose with an FIO₂ enhances This strategy provide practical resilience-building method.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Impact of Nutrition and Oxidative Stress on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(18), С. 3113 - 3113

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024

Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by difficulty maintaining attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While cause of this still unclear, recent studies have stated that heredity important in development ADHD. This linked to a few comorbidities, including depression, criminal behavior, anxiety. Although genetic factors influence ADHD symptoms, there are also non-genetic factors, one which oxidative stress (OS), plays role pathogenesis symptoms review aims explore OS its connection antioxidant enzyme levels, as well gut–brain axis (GBA), focusing on diet particularly adults with comorbid conditions. Methods: The literature search included main available databases (e.g., Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar). Articles English language were taken into consideration our screening was conducted based several words such “ADHD”, “oxidative stress”, “diet”, “gut–brain axis”, “gut microbiota.” focused examining link between ADHD, axis, potential impact dietary interventions. Results: Oxidative critical manifestation symptoms. Studies shown individuals exhibit reduced levels key enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), diminished total status (TOS) compared healthy controls. Additionally, evidence close bidirectional interaction nervous system gut microbiota, mediated axis. relationship suggests interventions targeting health may related comorbidities. Conclusions: A better understanding these mechanisms could lead more targeted treatments, interventions, mitigate Further research required therapeutic modulating microbiota management

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Regulates Exercise-induced Hormetic Modulation of Cognitive Function

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024

Abstract Lifestyle factors, particularly physical exercise, significantly influence brain structure and cognitive function through a hormetic effect dependent on exercise intensity duration. The underlying mechanisms of this profile remain largely unexplored. Recently, the gut microbiota, has emerged potent modulator lifestyle-induced changes behavior. Here, we demonstrate that 40-minute protocol moderate enhances abilities related to object recognition memory, increases hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice compared sedentary controls, but these neurogenic benefits vanish when or duration is increased. Furthermore, identified significant alpha- beta-diversity distinct bacteria composition profiles microbiota associated with different regimens. Specific bacterial families showed altered relative abundances depending duration, certain families’ quantities correlating performance ( Angelakisella, Acetatifactor, Erysipelatoclostridium , Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002.). To parse causal mechanisms, fecal transplantation from exercised replicated structural improvements observed donor animals. These findings suggest effects are mediated by corresponding indicating novel mechanistic link between brain, composition.

Язык: Английский

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