Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers

Nature reviews. Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The growing range of complications of diabetes mellitus

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 862 - 862

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Язык: Английский

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The immunomodulatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurogenerative diseases and ischemic stroke treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is widely distributed in the digestive system, cardiovascular adipose tissue and central nervous system. Numerous GLP-1 receptor-targeting drugs have been investigated clinical studies for various indications, including type 2 diabetes obesity (accounts 70% of total studies), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. This review presented fundamental information regarding two categories agonists (GLP-1RAs): peptide-based small molecule compounds, elaborated their potential neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation, reducing neuronal apoptosis, ultimately improving cognitive function neurodegenerative diseases. As a new hypoglycemic drug, GLP-1RA has unique role concurrent risk stroke T2D patients. Given infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain tissue, particularly areas surrounding infarct lesion, we further regulatory mechanisms. could not only facilitate M2 polarization microglia through both direct indirect pathways, but also modulate quantity T cell subtypes, CD4, CD8, cells, resulting inhibition inflammatory responses promotion regeneration interleukin-10 secretion. Therefore, believe that "Tregs-microglia-neuron/neural precursor cells" axis instrumental mediating suppression neuroprotection context ischemic stroke. benefits rapid diffusion, favorable blood-brain barrier permeability versatile administration routes, these compounds will be one important candidates GLP-1RA. We look forward to evidence intervention or complicated

Язык: Английский

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Gfi1 controls the formation of effector-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection and cancer

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2025

During chronic infection and tumor progression, CD8+ T cells lose their effector functions become exhausted. These exhausted are heterogeneous comprised of progenitors that give rise to effector-like or terminally-exhausted cells. The precise cues mechanisms directing subset formation incompletely understood. Here, we show growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in LCMV Clone 13 infection, a previously under-described Ly108+CX3CR1+ expresses low levels Gfi1 while other established subsets have high expression. possess distinct chromatin profiles represent transitory develops cells, process dependent on Gfi1. Similarly, tumor-infiltrating required for the terminally differentiated endogenous as well anti-CTLA-induced anti-tumor responses. Taken together, key regulator

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of CD8+ T cells by lipid metabolism in cancer progression

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(11), С. 1215 - 1230

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2024

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key characteristic the tumor microenvironment, where cells utilize lipids for proliferation, survival, metastasis, and evasion immune surveillance. Lipid has become critical regulator CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, with excess in microenvironment impeding T-cell activities. Considering limited efficacy immunotherapy many solid tumors, targeting to enhance effector functions could significantly improve outcomes. In this review, we examine recent findings on how metabolic processes, including uptake, synthesis, oxidation, regulate T within tumors. We also assessed impact different particular focus affects mitochondrial function tumor-infiltrating cells. Furthermore, as cancer systemic disease, examined factors linking function. Finally, summarize current therapeutic approaches that target increase immunity immunotherapy. Understanding molecular functional interplay between offers promising opportunities treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological regression of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 213, С. 107635 - 107635

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries continues to be one major global health burdens and acute syndrome is responsible annually for at least 30 % all deaths globally. Acute may consequence thrombus formation after erosion or rupture obstructive non-obstructive atherosclerotic plaque. The plaques mostly caused by mechanical stress usually called cap fatigue. Vulnerable are characterized a softer atheromatous core thinner fibrous cap, with inflammation hypercholesterolemia playing crucial role in atherothrombotic process. Based on animal studies that extend back 1920s, regression humans has just started considered pursued. idea human could regress met an important resistance over decades; indeed, advanced contain components, such as necrosis, calcification fibrosis, which hard removed. However, new models imaging technics allowed more complete accurate quantitative assessment plaque volume shedding light atherosclerosis regression. In this review, we revisiting existence preclinical clinical studies, focus latest mechanistic insights newest pharmacological agents, particularly patients diabetes. Interestingly, suggested based literature combination drugs target hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia desirable fast-track Pharmacological type 2

Язык: Английский

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Comparative outcomes of systemic diseases in people with type 2 diabetes, or obesity alone treated with and without GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective cohort study from the Global Collaborative Network

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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GLP-1R agonist therapy and vaccine response: Neglected implications

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78, С. 14 - 24

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), such as semaglutide (Ozempic®), have emerged effective treatments for diabetes and weight management. However, recent evidence indicates that GLP-1R signalling influences various tissues, including the immune system. Notably, GLP-1 has a short half-life (< 5 minutes) exists in picomolar range, while GLP-1RAs like extended half-lives of several days are administered at supraphysiological doses. This review explores potential impact these medications on vaccine efficacy. We examine suggesting may attenuate responses through direct effects cells modulation other tissues. Additionally, we discuss how create tolerogenic environment, potentially reducing immunogenicity. Given widespread use GLP-1RAs, it is crucial to understand their translational implications vaccination outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in incretin-based therapy for MASLD: from single to dual or triple incretin receptor agonists

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. gutjnl - 334023

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Clinically effective pharmacological treatment(s) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form steatohepatitis (MASH) represent a largely unmet need in medicine. Since glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been licensed the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity, they were one first drug classes to be examined individuals with MASLD/MASH. Successful phase randomised clinical trials these agents resulted progression 3 (principally testing long-term efficacy subcutaneous semaglutide). Over last few years, addition GLP-1RAs, newer glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and/or glucagon agonist functions tested, increasing evidence from histological improvements MASLD/MASH, as well benefits on MASLD-related extrahepatic complications. Based this background evidence, single, dual or triple incretin are becoming an attractive promising option MASLD MASH, particularly coexisting obesity mellitus. In narrative review, we examine rapidly expanding body supporting role incretin-based pharmacotherapies delaying reversing MASH progression. We also discuss biology incretins putative hepatoprotective mechanisms managing MASH.

Язык: Английский

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