The growing range of complications of diabetes mellitus

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological regression of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 107635 - 107635

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries continues to be one major global health burdens and acute syndrome is responsible annually for at least 30 % all deaths globally. Acute may consequence thrombus formation after erosion or rupture obstructive non-obstructive atherosclerotic plaque. The plaques mostly caused by mechanical stress usually called cap fatigue. Vulnerable are characterized a softer atheromatous core thinner fibrous cap, with inflammation hypercholesterolemia playing crucial role in atherothrombotic process. Based on animal studies that extend back 1920s, regression humans has just started considered pursued. idea human could regress met an important resistance over decades; indeed, advanced contain components, such as necrosis, calcification fibrosis, which hard removed. However, new models imaging technics allowed more complete accurate quantitative assessment plaque volume shedding light atherosclerosis regression. In this review, we revisiting existence preclinical clinical studies, focus latest mechanistic insights newest pharmacological agents, particularly patients diabetes. Interestingly, suggested based literature combination drugs target hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia desirable fast-track Pharmacological type 2

Language: Английский

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Comparative outcomes of systemic diseases in people with type 2 diabetes, or obesity alone treated with and without GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective cohort study from the Global Collaborative Network

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Regulation of CD8+ T cells by lipid metabolism in cancer progression

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1215 - 1230

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key characteristic the tumor microenvironment, where cells utilize lipids for proliferation, survival, metastasis, and evasion immune surveillance. Lipid has become critical regulator CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, with excess in microenvironment impeding T-cell activities. Considering limited efficacy immunotherapy many solid tumors, targeting to enhance effector functions could significantly improve outcomes. In this review, we examine recent findings on how metabolic processes, including uptake, synthesis, oxidation, regulate T within tumors. We also assessed impact different particular focus affects mitochondrial function tumor-infiltrating cells. Furthermore, as cancer systemic disease, examined factors linking function. Finally, summarize current therapeutic approaches that target increase immunity immunotherapy. Understanding molecular functional interplay between offers promising opportunities treatment.

Language: Английский

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GLP-1R agonist therapy and vaccine response: Neglected implications

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 14 - 24

Published: July 15, 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), such as semaglutide (Ozempic®), have emerged effective treatments for diabetes and weight management. However, recent evidence indicates that GLP-1R signalling influences various tissues, including the immune system. Notably, GLP-1 has a short half-life (< 5 minutes) exists in picomolar range, while GLP-1RAs like extended half-lives of several days are administered at supraphysiological doses. This review explores potential impact these medications on vaccine efficacy. We examine suggesting may attenuate responses through direct effects cells modulation other tissues. Additionally, we discuss how create tolerogenic environment, potentially reducing immunogenicity. Given widespread use GLP-1RAs, it is crucial to understand their translational implications vaccination outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Development of dual GPBAR1 agonist and RORγt inverse agonist for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 107403 - 107403

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in incretin-based therapy for MASLD: from single to dual or triple incretin receptor agonists

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 334023

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Clinically effective pharmacological treatment(s) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form steatohepatitis (MASH) represent a largely unmet need in medicine. Since glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been licensed the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity, they were one first drug classes to be examined individuals with MASLD/MASH. Successful phase randomised clinical trials these agents resulted progression 3 (principally testing long-term efficacy subcutaneous semaglutide). Over last few years, addition GLP-1RAs, newer glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and/or glucagon agonist functions tested, increasing evidence from histological improvements MASLD/MASH, as well benefits on MASLD-related extrahepatic complications. Based this background evidence, single, dual or triple incretin are becoming an attractive promising option MASLD MASH, particularly coexisting obesity mellitus. In narrative review, we examine rapidly expanding body supporting role incretin-based pharmacotherapies delaying reversing MASH progression. We also discuss biology incretins putative hepatoprotective mechanisms managing MASH.

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of the Second-Generation Incretin Analogs Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lifelong need for exogenous insulin. Over last few years, overweight and obesity have recently emerged as growing health issues also afflicting patients with T1D. In this context, term "double diabetes" has been coined to indicate T1D who family history type 2 (T2D) and/or are affected insulin resistance overweight/obesity metabolic syndrome. At same time, use second-generation incretin analogs semaglutide tirzepatide substantially increased on global scale over given remarkable clinical benefits these drugs (in terms glucose control weight loss) T2D overweight/obesity. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists novel dual GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)/GLP-1 agonist currently not approved treatment T1D, body evidence years shown that medications may serve valid add-on treatments substantial efficacy improving control, promoting loss, preserving residual beta-cell function providing other beneficial effects double latent adults (LADA). This manuscript aims comprehensively review available literature (mostly consisting real-world studies) regarding safety therapeutic (for different purposes) (at stages disease), LADA.

Language: Английский

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