While
the
natural
foods
of
western
honey
bee
(Apis
mellifera)
contain
diverse
phytochemicals,
in
contemporary
agroecosystems
bees
also
encounter
pesticides
as
floral
tissue
contaminants.
Whereas
some
ubiquitous
phytochemicals
up-regulate
detoxification
and
immunity
genes,
thereby
benefiting
nestmates,
many
agrochemical
adversely
affect
health
even
at
sublethal
levels.
How
assess
xenobiotic
risk
to
nestmates
they
forage
is
poorly
understood.
Accordingly,
we
tested
nine
nectar,
pollen,
or
propolis,
well
five
synthetic
xenobiotics
that
frequently
contaminate
hives-two
herbicides
(atrazine
glyphosate)
three
fungicides
(boscalid,
chlorothalonil,
prochloraz).
In
semi-field
free-flight
experiments,
were
offered
a
choice
between
paired
sugar
water
feeders
amended
with
either
solvent
only
(control).
Among
foragers
consistently
preferred
quercetin
all
concentrations
tested,
evidenced
by
both
visitation
frequency
consumption
rates.
This
preference
may
reflect
long
evolutionary
association
tissues.
Of
eliciting
response,
displayed
specific
for
glyphosate
chlorothalonil.
paradoxical
account
which
these
occur
hive
contaminants
suggests
present
greater
factor
than
previously
suspected.
Functional Ecology,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
31(1), С. 65 - 75
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2016
Summary
The
ecological
function
of
secondary
metabolites
in
plant
defence
against
herbivores
is
well
established,
but
their
role
plant–pollinator
interactions
less
obvious.
Nectar
the
major
reward
for
pollinators,
so
occurrence
chemicals
nectar
many
species
unexpected.
However,
increasing
evidence
supports
a
variety
potential
benefits
both
and
pollinator
from
these
compounds.
Beneficial
effects
may
include:
(i)
mediating
specialization
interactions,
(ii)
protecting
robbery
or
larceny
(iii)
microbial
activity
including
preservation
nutrients
degradation
reduction
disease
levels
pollinators.
Secondary
can
be
toxic
repellent
to
flower
visitors,
equally
they
go
undetected
even
make
more
apparent
attractive.
These
biological
are
concentration
dependent,
must
considered
at
range
ecologically
relevant
doses.
For
example,
caffeine
occurs
improves
honeybee
memory
odours
associated
with
food
rewards,
which
enhances
pollen
transfer
naturally
occurring
concentrations
honeybees
higher
concentrations.
This
review
synthesizes
recent
literature
that
selection
floral
as
an
adaptation
drives
co‐evolution
between
plants
presence
could
still
simply
consequence
defensive
elsewhere
(pleiotropy).
We
highlight
need
studies
demonstrating
measurable
plant,
importance
exposure
on
target
beyond
current
emphasis
alkaloids
bees.
A
Lay
available
this
article.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
67(1), С. 105 - 124
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021
Insect
cytochrome
P450
monooxygenases
(P450s)
perform
a
variety
of
important
physiological
functions,
but
it
is
their
role
in
the
detoxification
xenobiotics,
such
as
natural
and
synthetic
insecticides,
that
topic
this
review.
Recent
advances
insect
genomics
postgenomic
functional
approaches
have
provided
an
unprecedented
opportunity
to
understand
evolution
P450s
toxicology.
These
also
been
harnessed
provide
new
insights
into
genomic
alterations
lead
insecticide
resistance,
mechanisms
by
which
are
regulated,
determinants
P450-mediated
resistance.
In
parallel,
emerging
body
work
on
defining
sensitivity
beneficial
insects
insecticides
has
developed.
The
knowledge
gained
from
these
studies
applications
for
management
resistance
pests
can
be
leveraged
safeguard
health
insects.
Abstract
This
study
measured
part
of
the
in-hive
pesticide
exposome
by
analyzing
residues
from
live
bees,
stored
pollen,
and
wax
in
migratory
colonies
over
time
compared
exposure
to
colony
health.
We
summarized
burden
using
three
different
additive
methods:
(1)
hazard
quotient
(HQ),
an
estimate
risk,
(2)
total
number
residues,
(3)
relevant
residues.
Despite
being
simplistic,
these
models
attempt
summarize
potential
risk
multiple
contaminations
real-world
contexts.
Colonies
performing
pollination
services
were
subject
increased
honey-production
holding
yards.
found
clear
links
between
increase
products
mortality.
In
particular,
we
that
fungicides
with
particular
modes
action
disproportionally
within
died.
The
occurrence
queen
events,
a
significant
factor
for
health
productivity,
was
positively
associated
all
proxies
exposure.
While
our
summation
do
not
fully
capture
complexities
exposure,
they
nonetheless
help
elucidate
their
risks
Implementing
improving
such
can
identify
risks,
permitting
preventative
actions
improve
pollinator
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
113(33), С. 9345 - 9350
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2016
Significance
Using
a
social
insect
model,
we
tested
how
supplementing
young
adult
bees
with
resident
microbiota
species
affects
host
physiology
and
microbiome
composition.
This
supplementation
had
significant
consequences
for
development
detoxification
responses,
parasite
susceptibility,
community
structure.
Our
results
show
that
early
perturbation
of
the
composition
can
have
sustained
hosts.
Additionally,
this
work
provides
cautionary
tale
to
arbitrary
use
probiotics
in
animal
health
management
highlights
importance
experimental
research
addressing
factors
shape
communities.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
18(15), С. 5713 - 5723
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
As
a
superfamily
of
multifunctional
enzymes
that
is
mainly
associated
with
xenobiotic
adaptation,
glutathione
S-transferases
(GSTs)
facilitate
insects'
survival
under
chemical
stresses
in
their
environment.GSTs
confer
adaptation
through
direct
metabolism
or
sequestration
xenobiotics,
and/or
indirectly
by
providing
protection
against
oxidative
stress
induced
exposure.In
this
article,
comprehensive
overview
current
understanding
on
the
versatile
functions
insect
GSTs
detoxifying
compounds
presented.The
diverse
structures
different
classes
GSTs,
specifically
spatial
localization
and
composition
amino
acid
residues
constituted
active
sites
are
also
summarized.Recent
availability
whole
genome
sequences
numerous
species,
accompanied
RNA
interference,
X-ray
crystallography,
enzyme
kinetics
site-directed
mutagenesis
techniques
have
significantly
enhanced
our
functional
structural
diversity
GSTs.
