bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 26, 2024
Neural
circuits
are
characterized
by
genetically
and
functionally
diverse
cell
types.
A
mechanistic
understanding
of
circuit
function
is
predicated
on
linking
the
genetic
physiological
properties
individual
neurons.
However,
it
remains
highly
challenging
to
map
transcriptional
heterogeneous
neuronal
subtypes
in
mammalian
cortical
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(4), С. 114115 - 114115
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
In
the
CA1
hippocampus,
vasoactive
intestinal
polypeptide-expressing
interneurons
(VIP-INs)
play
a
prominent
role
in
disinhibitory
circuit
motifs.
However,
specific
behavioral
conditions
that
lead
to
disinhibition
remain
uncertain.
To
investigate
relevance
of
VIP-IN
activity,
we
employed
wireless
technologies
allowing
us
monitor
and
manipulate
their
function
freely
behaving
mice.
Our
findings
reveal
that,
during
spatial
exploration
new
environments,
VIP-INs
hippocampal
region
become
highly
active,
facilitating
rapid
encoding
novel
information.
Remarkably,
both
pyramidal
neurons
(PNs)
exhibit
increased
activity
when
encountering
changes
environment,
including
context-
object-related
alterations.
Concurrently,
somatostatin-
parvalbumin-expressing
inhibitory
populations
show
an
inverse
relationship
with
PN
revealing
occurs
on
timescale
seconds.
Thus,
VIP-IN-mediated
may
constitute
crucial
element
novelty
acquisition
recognition
memory.
Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
38(2), С. 225 - 237
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023
Abstract
Background
Despite
several
hundred
clinical
trials
of
drugs
that
initially
showed
promise,
there
has
been
limited
improvement
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
This
may
be
attributed
to
the
existence
at
least
25
abnormal
cellular
pathways
underlie
disease.
It
is
improbable
for
a
single
drug
address
all
or
most
these
pathways,
thus
even
show
promise
when
administered
alone
are
unlikely
produce
significant
results.
According
previous
studies,
eight
drugs,
namely,
dantrolene,
erythropoietin,
lithium,
memantine,
minocycline,
piracetam,
riluzole,
and
silymarin,
have
found
target
multiple
involved
development
AD.
Among
riluzole
currently
indicated
treatment
medical
conditions
both
adult
patients
children
gained
increased
attention
from
scientists
due
its
potential
excitotoxic
hypothesis
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Objective
The
aim
this
study
was
investigate
effects
on
AD
based
molecular
mechanisms.
Methods
literature
search
utilized
Scopus,
ScienceDirect,
PubMed,
Google
Scholar
databases
identify
relevant
articles.
Results
Riluzole
exerts
through
diverse
including
inhibition
voltage‐dependent
sodium
calcium
channels,
blocking
AMPA
NMDA
receptors
inhibiting
release
glutamic
acid
stimulation
EAAT1‐EAAT2.
Conclusion
In
review
article,
we
aimed
neuroprotective
properties
glutamate
modulator,
AD,
which
could
benefit
with
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
43(45), С. 7463 - 7471
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
emerging
as
key
regulators
of
cognitive
function
and
behavior.
This
review
highlights
some
the
latest
advances
in
understanding
astrocyte
roles
different
behavioral
domains
across
lifespan
disease.
We
address
specific
molecular
circuit
mechanisms
by
which
astrocytes
modulate
behavior,
discuss
their
functional
diversity
versatility,
highlight
astrocyte-targeted
treatment
strategies
that
might
alleviate
dysfunction
pathologic
conditions.
Converging
evidence
model
systems
manipulations
is
revealing
regulate
processes
a
precise
context-dependent
manner.
Improved
these
astrocytic
functions
may
generate
new
therapeutic
for
various
conditions
with
impairments.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023
Spatial
memory
in
the
hippocampus
involves
dynamic
neural
patterns
that
change
over
days,
termed
representational
drift.
While
drift
may
aid
updating,
excessive
could
impede
retrieval.
Memory
retrieval
is
influenced
by
reward
expectation
during
encoding,
so
we
hypothesized
diminished
would
exacerbate
We
found
high
limited
drift,
with
CA1
representations
on
one
day
gradually
re-emerging
successive
trials
following
day.
Conversely,
absence
of
resulted
increased
as
gradual
re-emergence
previous
day's
representation
did
not
occur.
At
single
cell
level,
lowering
caused
an
immediate
increase
proportion
place-fields
low
trial-to-trial
reliability.
These
place
fields
were
less
likely
to
be
reinstated
day,
underlying
this
condition.
In
conclusion,
heightened
improves
encoding
and
maintaining
reliable
are
across
thereby
minimizing
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(4), С. 532 - 532
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025
Background:
Terahertz
(THz)
waves,
lying
between
millimeter
waves
and
infrared
light,
may
interact
with
biomolecules
due
to
their
unique
energy
characteristics.
However,
whether
THz
are
neurally
regulated
remains
controversial,
the
underlying
mechanism
is
elusive.
Methods:
Mouse
brain
slices
were
exposed
1.94
for
1
h.
Synaptic
plasticity
was
evaluated
via
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM),
long-term
potentiation
(LTP),
neuronal
class
III
β-tubulin
(Tuj1)
synaptophysin
(SYN)
expression.
Immunofluorescence
(IF)
electrophysiology
used
identify
neurons
sensitive
waves.
The
calcium
activity
of
excitatory
neurons,
glutamate
receptor
currents,
neuron
marker
expression
also
assessed
using
imaging,
a
patch
clamp,
Western
blotting
(WB).
Optogenetics
chemogenetics
determine
role
in
synaptic
impairment
after
wave
exposure.
NMDA
2B
(GluN2B)
overexpressed
ventral
hippocampal
CA1
(vCA1)
by
lentivirus
clarify
GluN2B
wave-induced
impairment.
Results:
Exposure
increased
postsynaptic
density
(PSD)
thickness
reduced
field
potential
(fEPSP)
slope
Tuj1
SYN
diminished
vCA1
glutamatergic
excitability,
neural
electrical
activity,
transporter
function.
N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDAR)
current
amplitudes
NMDAR
subunit
Activating
through
optogenetics
mitigated
overexpression
improved
expression,
ultrastructure,
fEPSP
slope.
Conclusions:
decreased
plasticity,
vCA1.
Glutamatergic
activation
alleviated
impairment;
thus,
neuromodulation
could
be
promising
therapeutic
strategy
mitigate
adverse
effects
radiation.
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Abstract
Background
Depressive
symptoms
often
occur
in
patients
with
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
exacerbate
the
pathogenesis
of
AD.
However,
neural
circuit
mechanisms
underlying
AD-associated
depression
remain
unclear.
The
serotonergic
system
plays
crucial
roles
both
AD
depression.
Methods
We
used
a
combination
vivo
trans-synaptic
circuit-dissecting
anatomical
approaches,
chemogenetic
manipulations,
optogenetic
pharmacological
methods,
behavioral
testing,
electrophysiological
recording
to
investigate
dorsal
raphe
nucleus
mouse
model.
Results
found
that
activity
serotonin
neurons
(DRN
5-HT
)
their
projections
hippocampal
CA1
(dCA1)
terminals
-dCA1
CaMKII
decreased
brains
early
5×FAD
mice.
Chemogenetic
or
activation
DRN
attenuated
depressive
cognitive
impairments
mice
through
receptor
1B
(5-HT
R)
4
R).
Pharmacological
R
by
regulating
improve
synaptic
plasticity.
Conclusions
These
findings
provide
new
mechanistic
connection
between
potential
pharmaceutical
prevention
targets
for