Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(20), С. 13891 - 13901
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021
Multielement
isotope
fractionation
studies
to
assess
pollutant
transformation
are
well-established
for
point-source
pollution
but
only
emerging
diffuse
by
micropollutants
like
pesticides.
Specifically,
chlorine
is
hardly
explored
promising,
because
many
pesticides
contain
few
atoms
so
that
"undiluted"
position-specific
Cl
effects
can
be
expected
in
compound-average
data.
This
study
combined
Cl,
N,
and
C
sensitively
detect
biotic
abiotic
of
the
widespread
herbicides
groundwater
contaminants
acetochlor,
metolachlor,
atrazine.
For
chloroacetanilides,
hydrolysis
pathways
studied
under
acidic,
neutral,
alkaline
conditions
as
well
biodegradation
two
soils
resulted
pronounced
(εCl
from
−5.0
±
2.3
−6.5
0.7‰).
The
characteristic
dual
C–Cl
patterns
(ΛC–Cl
0.39
0.15
0.67
0.08)
reveal
analysis
provides
a
robust
indicator
chloroacetanilide
degradation.
atrazine,
distinct
ΛC–Cl
values
were
observed
(7.4
1.9)
compared
previous
reports
oxidative
dealkylation
(1.7
0.9
0.6
0.1,
respectively).
3D
approach
allowed
differentiating
transformations
would
not
distinguishable
based
on
N
data
alone.
first
set
together
with
new
atrazine
degradation,
highlights
potential
using
compound-specific
studying
situ
pesticide
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
53(7), С. 3347 - 3365
Опубликована: Март 5, 2019
Fungicides
are
indispensable
to
global
food
security
and
their
use
is
forecasted
intensify.
can
reach
aquatic
ecosystems
occur
in
surface
water
bodies
agricultural
catchments
throughout
the
entire
growing
season
due
frequent,
prophylactic
application.
However,
comparison
herbicides
insecticides,
exposure
effects
of
fungicides
have
received
less
attention.
We
provide
an
overview
risk
covering
fungicide
(i.e.,
environmental
fate,
modeling,
mitigation
measures)
as
well
direct
indirect
on
microorganisms,
macrophytes,
invertebrates,
vertebrates.
show
that
widely
systems,
accuracy
predicted
concentrations
debatable,
be
effectively
mitigated.
additionally
demonstrate
highly
toxic
a
broad
range
organisms
pose
biota.
Finally,
we
outline
central
research
gaps
currently
challenge
our
ability
predict
effects,
promising
avenues,
shortcomings
current
assessment
for
fungicides.
Water Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
254, С. 121416 - 121416
Опубликована: Март 5, 2024
Sulfonamides
are
applied
worldwide
as
antibiotics.
They
emerging
contaminants
of
concern,
their
presence
in
the
environment
may
lead
to
spread
antibiotic
resistance
genes.
present
groundwater
systems,
which
suggest
persistence
under
certain
conditions,
highlighting
importance
understanding
natural
attenuation
processes
groundwater.
Biodegradation
is
an
essential
process,
degradation
sulfonamides
reduces
risk
spreading.
In
this
review,
attenuation,
and
particular
assessment
biodegradation,
evaluated
for
systems.
The
current
knowledge
level
on
biodegradation
reviewed,
a
scientific
foundation
built
based
sulfonamide
processes,
pathways,
metabolites
toxicity.
An
overview
bacterial
species
related
provided.
main
research
effort
has
focused
aerobic
conditions
while
investigations
anaerobic
lacking.
implementation
laboratory
scale;
here
we
strived
bridge
towards
field
application
assessment,
by
assessing
approaches
commonly
used
monitored
attenuation.
Methods
document
contaminant
mass
loss
assessed
be
applicable
sulfonamides,
approach
limited
lack
reference
standards
metabolites.
Furthermore,
additional
information
required
relevant
order
improve
assessments.
Based
it
suggested
use
substituent-containing
from
breakage
specific
indicators
degradation.
Microbial
currently
available
microbial
community's
capacities,
however,
more
indigenous
bacteria
capable
degrading
impact
environmental
biodegradation.
Compound
stable
isotope
analysis
shows
great
potential
situ
method,
but
further
developments
analyse
at
environmentally
levels.
Finally,
scheme
that
can
uncover
some
fate
Nevertheless,
there
still
unknowns
well
effect
settings
such
redox
conditions.
Alongside,
uncovering
future
research,
applicability
documentation
will
advance,
provide
step
remedial
concepts
frequently
detected
sulfonamides.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Sulfamethoxazole
(SMX)
is
a
frequently
detected
antibiotic
in
groundwater,
raising
environmental
concerns.
Persulfate
oxidation
used
for
micropollutant
removal.
To
investigate
SMX
transformation
by
persulfate,
experiments
were
conducted
using
heat-activated
persulfate
at
pH
3,
7,
and
10.
TP269a
(SMX-hydroxylamine)
TP178
identified
as
the
dominant
TPs
across
levels.
The
exclusive
formation
of
4-nitroso-SMX,
4-nitro-SMX,
TP518
3
highlighted
role
SO4•-
attacking
NH2.
At
7
10,
3A5MI
emerged
TP.
Carbon
isotopic
fractionation
(εC
=
-1.3
±
0.5‰,
-1.1
0.4‰,
0.3‰
10)
remained
consistent
levels,
caused
involving
C-S
bond
cleavage.
An
inverse
nitrogen
isotope
(εN
+0.68
0.11‰)
was
associated
with
SO4•--induced
single-electron
transfer.
Conversely,
normal
10
-0.27
0.04‰)
N-H
cleavage
H
abstraction
through
HO•
N-S
indicated
that
pathway
involved
reactions,
accounting
74%.
Overall,
results
highlight
potential
CSIA
to
elucidate
pathways.
