Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 1314 - 1314

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Mitochondria are critical for providing energy to maintain cell viability. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from substrates oxygen produce adenosine triphosphate. also regulate proliferation, metastasis, and deterioration. The flow in mitochondrial respiratory chain generates reactive species (ROS), which harmful cells at high levels. stress caused by ROS accumulation has been associated with an increased risk cancer, cardiovascular liver diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is abundant cellular antioxidant that primarily synthesized cytoplasm delivered mitochondria. Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) metabolizes hydrogen peroxide within A long-term imbalance ratio mGSH can cause dysfunction, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, may lead disease. This study aimed review physiological functions, anabolism, variations organ tissue accumulation, delivery GSH mitochondria relationships between levels, GSH/GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio, programmed death, ferroptosis. We discuss diseases deficiency related therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of co-administration of probiotics and prebiotics on chronic inflammation, and depression symptoms in patients with coronary artery diseases: a randomized clinical trial

Nutritional Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(8), С. 1659 - 1668

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2021

Background It has been shown that dysbiosis might have a role in developing of chronic inflammation and depression. In this study, we are interested exploring anti-inflammatory anti-depressant effects Lactobacillus Rhamnosus G (LGG), probiotic strain, alone or combination with prebiotic, Inulin, patients coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was held on 96 CAD. Patients were randomly allocated into four different groups: LGG [a capsule/day, contained 1.9 × 109 colony-forming unit G], inulin (15 g/day), co-supplemented (LGG inulin), placebo. Participants consumed the supplements for two months. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), MacNew questionnaire Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-Y) used to assess depression, quality life anxiety, respectively. Serum levels C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-10 also measured.Results Probiotic-Inulin Co-supplementation significantly decreased BDI (−11.52 ± 0+3.20 vs. +2.97 0.39, P = 0.001), STAI-state (−17.63 3.22 −0.60 0.33, 0.021), STAI-trait (−24.31 7.41 −1.45 0.66, 0.020) scores, hs-CRP (−1.69 0+66 +0.82 0.39 mg/dL, 0.020), LPS (−22.02 5.40 +0.31 0.18 (EU/L), 0.047), TNF-α (−25.05 +0.79 0.71 (ng/L), 0.032) comparison placebo.Conclusion probiotics CAD subjects eight weeks had beneficial inflammatory biomarkers. Adding improved psychological outcomes biomarkers more effectively than separately.Trial registration: Iranian Registry Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20180712040438N4..

Язык: Английский

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Updated Review and Meta-Analysis of Probiotics for the Treatment of Clinical Depression: Adjunctive vs. Stand-Alone Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(4), С. 647 - 647

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2021

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the use of gut microbiota-targeting interventions, such as probiotics, for treatment psychiatric disorders. The objective this update review was to evaluate all randomised controlled clinical trial evidence on efficacy probiotics depression. Cochrane guidelines updated reviews were followed. By searching PubMed and Web Science databases, we identified 546 new records since our previous review. A total seven studies met selection criteria, capturing 404 people with random effects meta-analysis using type (stand-alone vs. adjunctive) subgroup performed. results demonstrated that are effective reducing depressive symptoms when administered addition antidepressants (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI 0.49-1.17), however, they do not seem offer significant benefits used stand-alone -0.02, -0.34-0.30). Potential mechanisms action may be via increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreases C-reactive protein (CRP), although limited is available at present. This offers stronger support depressed populations provides an insight into mode administration more likely yield antidepressant effects.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Role and Potential of Probiotics in the Field of Mental Health: Major Depressive Disorder

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(5), С. 1728 - 1728

Опубликована: Май 20, 2021

The field of probiotic has been exponentially expanding over the recent decades with a more therapeutic-centered research. Probiotics mediated microbiota modulation within microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) have proven to be beneficial in various health domains through pre-clinical and clinical studies. In context mental health, although research is still its infancy stage, promising role potential probiotics disorders demonstrated via in-vivo in-vitro studies laid strong foundation for translating preclinical models humans. exploration therapeutic major depressive disorder (MDD) an extremely noteworthy possible etio-pathological mechanisms depression involving inflammation, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) epigenetic potentially benefit from intervention. Probiotics, both as adjunct antidepressants or stand-alone intervention, mitigating anti-depressive effects, confers some advantages compared conventional treatments using anti-depressants.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics as an effective therapeutic approach in alleviating depression symptoms: an umbrella meta-analysis

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 63(26), С. 8292 - 8300

Опубликована: Март 29, 2022

Growing evidence has suggested that the consumption of probiotics can decrease depressive symptoms. However, even results meta-analyses are conflicting. In this regard, we performed an umbrella meta-analysis and proposed decisive impacts on The following international databases were searched up to July 2021: PubMed/Medline, Web Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar. Meta-analyses investigating impact supplementation depression symptoms in adults included. According studies, random-effects model was used perform analysis. Subgroup analysis by dosage probiotics, duration total sample size. Publication bias assessed using Egger's, Begg's visual inspection funnel plot. Ten (n = 8886 participants) included study. pooled data indicated probiotic significantly reduced (ES= −1.41; 95% CI: −2.53, −0.30, p 0.016; I2 99.4, <0.001). studies with intervention >8 weeks >10 × 109 CFU demonstrated a more robust effect decreasing There also significant between-study heterogeneity which identified as source it. present suggest administration for relieving CFU.

Язык: Английский

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The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 192, С. 106799 - 106799

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) emerging as a key regulator of central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune metabolic functions. In turn, brain influences intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within so-called microbiota-brain axis. balance this bidirectional crosstalk important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve integrity blood-brain barrier avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis permeability negatively affect development, behavior, cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes GM depressed patients reported influence pharmacokinetics common antidepressants affecting their absorption, metabolism, activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape turn an impact on efficacy toxicity pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing correct homeostatic (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions) represent innovative approach improve pharmacotherapy depression. Among these, probiotics Mediterranean diet, alone or combination standard care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, disclosure intricate network between depression will give precious insights diagnostic therapeutic approaches towards depression, profound implications drug development practice.

Язык: Английский

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A Microbial-Based Approach to Mental Health: The Potential of Probiotics in the Treatment of Depression

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(6), С. 1382 - 1382

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Probiotics are currently the subject of intensive research pursuits and also represent a multi-billion-dollar global industry given their vast potential to improve human health. In addition, mental health represents key domain healthcare, which has limited, adverse-effect prone treatment options, probiotics may hold be novel, customizable for depression. Clinical depression is common, potentially debilitating condition that amenable precision psychiatry-based approach utilizing probiotics. Although our understanding not yet reached sufficient level, this could therapeutic can tailored specific individuals with own unique set characteristics issues. Scientifically, use as valid basis rooted in microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) mechanisms, play role pathophysiology theory, appear ideal adjunct therapeutics major depressive disorder (MDD) stand-alone mild MDD revolutionize disorders. there wide range an almost limitless combinations, review aims narrow focus most widely commercialized studied strains, namely Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, bring together arguments usage patients (MDD). Clinicians, scientists, industrialists critical stakeholders exploring groundbreaking concept.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics for the treatment of depression and its comorbidities: A systemic review

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions, characterized by significant and persistent depressed mood diminished interest, often coexists with various comorbidities. The underlying mechanism depression remain elusive, evidenced lack an appreciate therapy. Recent abundant clinical trials animal studies support new notion that gut microbiota has emerged as a novel actor in pathophysiology depression, which partakes bidirectional communication between brain through neuroendocrine, nervous, immune signaling pathways, collectively known microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Alterations can trigger changes neurotransmitters, neuroinflammation, behaviors. With transition human microbiome research from studying associations to investigating mechanistic causality, MGB axis therapeutic target its These insights have fueled idea targeting on may open windows for efficient treatment Probiotics, live beneficial microorganisms, be used modulate dysbiosis into eubiosis modify occurrence development In present review, we summarize recent findings regarding discuss potential effects probiotics

Язык: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiota for Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 5782 - 5782

Опубликована: Май 26, 2024

Nowadays, depressive disorder is spreading rapidly all over the world. Therefore, attention to studies of pathogenesis disease in order find novel ways early diagnosis and treatment increasing among scientific medical communities. Special drawn a biomarker therapeutic strategy through microbiota–gut–brain axis. It known that symbiotic interactions between gut microbes host can affect mental health. The review analyzes mechanisms action microbiota on pathophysiology depression. possibility using knowledge about taxonomic composition metabolic profile patients with depression select gene compositions (metagenomic signature) as biomarkers evaluated. use silico technologies (machine learning) for based given. Alternative approaches are being considered by balancing microbial dietary modifications additives, namely probiotics, postbiotics (including vesicles) prebiotics psychobiotics, fecal transplantation. bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii under consideration promising new-generation probiotic auxiliary diagnostic analysis conducted this may be useful clinical practice pharmacology.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Modulation of the Gut–Brain Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Interventions in Depression and Anxiety Management

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(10), С. 549 - 549

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2024

Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, state microbiota and, therefore, patient's nutrition are receiving attention. addition, food products source many essential ingredients involved regulation mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, others. For reason, narrative review was carried out with aim analyzing role anxiety disorders. To reach aim, a critical conducted utilizing both primary sources, scientific publications secondary bibliographic indexes, web pages, databases. The search PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, CinAhl. results show direct relationship between what we eat our nervous system. gut-brain axis complex system which intestinal communicates directly provides it neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance due to poor will cause inflammatory response that, if sustained over time together other factors, can lead disorders depression. Changes functions microbiota-gut-brain have been linked several It believed that modulation microbiome composition may be effective strategy new treatment these Modifications nutritional behaviors use ergogenic components presented important non-pharmacological interventions prevention treatment. desirable choice probiotic individual patients based on appropriate biochemical microbiological tests.

Язык: Английский

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