The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Язык: Английский

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Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation?

Zoology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 127, С. 1 - 19

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2018

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting uni- or multicellular host community associated microorganisms. Research on host–microbe interactions has become emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates invertebrates complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute development disease states. However, molecular cellular mechanisms controlling within poorly understood many key between organisms remain unknown. this perspective article, we outline some issues in interspecies particular address question how metaorganisms react adapt inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, hydrothermal vents.

Язык: Английский

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Adapting with Microbial Help: Microbiome Flexibility Facilitates Rapid Responses to Environmental Change

BioEssays, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 42(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020

Abstract Animals and plants are metaorganisms associate with microbes that affect their physiology, stress tolerance, fitness. Here the hypothesis alteration of microbiome may constitute a fast‐response mechanism to environmental change is examined. This supported by recent reciprocal transplant experiments reef corals, which have shown adapts thermally variable habitats changes over time when transplanted into different environments. Further, inoculation corals beneficial bacteria increases tolerance. But differ in ability flexibly bacteria. How scales flexibility reflect metaorganism adaptation mechanisms discussed future directions for research pinpointed. It posited broad phenomenon contributes organisms respond change. Importantly, adapting microbial help provide an alternate route organismal facilitates rapid responses.

Язык: Английский

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Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(11), С. 747 - 762

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

Язык: Английский

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A stony coral cell atlas illuminates the molecular and cellular basis of coral symbiosis, calcification, and immunity

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(11), С. 2973 - 2987.e18

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

Stony corals are colonial cnidarians that sustain the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on Earth: coral reefs. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about cell types and molecular pathways underpin biology of reef-building corals. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we define over 40 across life cycle Stylophora pistillata. We discover specialized immune cells, uncover developmental gene expression dynamics calcium-carbonate skeleton formation. By simultaneously measuring transcriptomes cells algae within them, characterize metabolic programs involved in symbiosis both partners. also trace evolution these specializations by phylogenetic integration multiple cnidarian type atlases. Overall, this study reveals cellular basis stony biology.

Язык: Английский

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Coral Probiotics: Premise, Promise, Prospects

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(1), С. 265 - 288

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2020

The use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMCs) has been proposed recently as a tool the improvement coral health, with knowledge in this research topic advancing rapidly. BMCs are defined consortia microorganisms that contribute to health through mechanisms include (a) promoting nutrition and growth, (b) mitigating stress impacts toxic compounds, (c) deterring pathogens, (d) benefiting early life-stage development. Here, we review current BMC approach outline studies have proven its potential increase resilience stress. We revisit expand list putative beneficial associated corals their mechanismsthat facilitate improved host performance. Further, discuss caveats bottlenecks affecting efficacy close by focusing on next steps application at larger scales can improve outcomes reefs globally.

Язык: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 715 - 752

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of microplastics on growth and health of hermatypic corals are species-specific

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 254, С. 113074 - 113074

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering Coral Disease Dynamics: Integrating Host, Microbiome, and the Changing Environment

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020

Diseases of tropical reef organisms is an intensive area study, but despite significant advances in methodology and the global knowledge base, identifying proximate causes disease outbreaks remains difficult. The dynamics infectious wildlife diseases are known to be influenced by shifting interactions among host, pathogen, other members microbiome, a collective body work clearly demonstrates that this also case for main foundation species on reefs, corals. Yet, wildlife, coral stand out as being driven largely changing environment. These contributed not only losses whole ecosystem regime shifts. Here we suggest better decipher corals, must integrate more holistic modern paradigms consider multiple variable three major players epizootics: its associated In perspective, discuss how expanding pathogen component classic host-pathogen-environment triad incorporate shifts microbiome leading dysbiosis provides model understanding dynamics. We outline issues arising when evaluating each trio make suggestions bridging gaps between them. further best tackle these challenges, researchers adjust standard paradigms, like one pathogen-one model, that, date, have been ineffectual at uncovering many emergent properties Lastly, recommendations ways forward fields marine ecology future conservation restoration given observations.

Язык: Английский

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Lineage dynamics of the endosymbiotic cell type in the soft coral Xenia

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 582(7813), С. 534 - 538

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Many corals harbour symbiotic dinoflagellate algae. The algae live inside coral cells in a specialized membrane compartment known as the symbiosome, which shares photosynthetically fixed carbon with host while provide inorganic to for photosynthesis

Язык: Английский

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