Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 228(5), С. 1201 - 1257

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.

Язык: Английский

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Neural Circuits for Emotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(1), С. 211 - 231

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Emotions are fundamental to our experience and behavior, affecting motivating all aspects of lives. Scientists various disciplines have been fascinated by emotions for centuries, yet even today vigorous debates abound about how define best study their neural underpinnings. Defining from an evolutionary perspective acknowledging important functional roles in supporting survival allows the emotion states diverse species. This approach enables taking advantage modern tools behavioral, systems, circuit neurosciences, allowing precise dissection mechanisms behavior underlying processes model organisms. Here we review findings processing across species try identify points convergence as well next steps pursuit understanding emerge activity.

Язык: Английский

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Emotions as computations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144, С. 104977 - 104977

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28(6), С. 541 - 553

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Anhedonia is a reduction in enjoyment, motivation, or interest. It common across mental health disorders and harbinger of poor treatment outcomes. The enjoyment aspect, termed 'consummatory anhedonia', particular poses fundamental questions about how the brain constructs rewards: what processes determine intensely reward experienced? Here, we outline limitations existing computational conceptualisations consummatory anhedonia. We then suggest richer reinforcement learning (RL) account anhedonia with reconceptualisation subjective hedonic experience terms goal progress. This accounts qualitatively for impact stress, dysfunctional cognitions, maladaptive beliefs on experience. model also offers new views treatments

Язык: Английский

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Brain regulation of hunger and motivation: The case for integrating homeostatic and hedonic concepts and its implications for obesity and addiction

Appetite, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 177, С. 106146 - 106146

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetric coding of reward prediction errors in human insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023

Abstract The signed value and unsigned salience of reward prediction errors (RPEs) are critical to understanding reinforcement learning (RL) cognitive control. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) insula (INS) key regions for integrating surprise information, but conflicting evidence both activity has led multiple proposals the nature RPE representations in these brain areas. Recently developed RL models allow neurons respond differently positive negative RPEs. Here, we use intracranially recorded high frequency (HFA) test whether this flexible asymmetric coding strategy captures diversity human INS dMPFC. At region level, found a bias towards RPEs areas which paralleled behavioral adaptation. local spatially interleaved neural populations responding valence-specific Furthermore, directional connectivity estimates revealed leading role communicating These findings support across distinct intermingled as core principle processing inform theories dMPFC

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the neural dichotomy of consensus and idiosyncratic experiences in short video viewing

Brain and Cognition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 184, С. 106260 - 106260

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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On the biological basis of beauty

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

ABSTRACT The world around us is full of beauty. Explaining a sense the beautiful has beguiled philosophers and artists for millennia, but scientists have also pondered beauty, most notably Darwin, who used beauty to describe sexual ornaments that he argued were subject female mate choice. In doing so, ascribed ‘sense beautiful’ non‐human animals. Darwin's ideas about choice not widely accepted, however. Humans may experience assuming same other animals risks anthropomorphism: we might find tail peacock be beautiful, there no reason believe peahens do. Moreover, choice, resurrected as an object serious study in 1970s, simply requires attraction, necessarily However, recent advances psychology cognitive neuroscience are providing new, mechanistic framework Here take these findings apply them evolutionary biology. First, review progress human empirical aesthetics provide biological definition Central this discovery merely processing information can hedonic reward. As such, propose pleasure fluent processing, independent function or consummatory reward provided by stimulus . We develop context three key attributes (pleasure, interaction, disinterestedness) psychological distinction between ‘wanting’ ‘liking’. Second, show how provides proximate approach studying evolution signalling help resolve some problems, such mating biases evolve. situate within more general animal signals, suggesting only ornaments, traits diverse aposematic signals camouflage. Third, outline variety experimental approaches test whether their intended receivers, including tests fluency impact using behavioural neurological approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Emotion, Motivation, Reasoning, and How Their Brain Systems Are Related

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 507 - 507

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

A unified theory of emotion and motivation is updated in which motivational states are instrumental goal-directed actions performed to obtain anticipated rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when the (conditioned unconditioned) reward punisher not received. This advances our understanding motivation, for same set genes associated brain systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as a sweet taste pain, learn expect therefore produce states. It argued under control goal important emotion, because they require an intervening state action learned goal, is, reward, punisher. The primate including human orbitofrontal cortex computes value, anterior cingulate involved learning goal. In contrast, response overlearned becomes habit with stimulus-response associations, may be less involved. another route output, has effective connectivity inferior frontal gyrus regions language provides declarative reports about subjective produced. Reasoning provide alternative strategies different goals compared systems.

Язык: Английский

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Conditioned preferences: Gated by experience, context, and endocrine systems

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 161, С. 105529 - 105529

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Central to the navigation of an ever-changing environment is ability form positive associations with places and conspecifics. The functions location social conditioned preferences are often studied independently, limiting our understanding their interplay. Furthermore, a de-emphasis on natural has led neurobiological interpretations separated from ecological context. By adopting naturalistic ethological perspective, we uncover complexities underlying expression preferences. Development combination motivation, reward, associative learning, context, including for spatial environments. Both social- location-dependent reward-responsive behaviors conditioning rely internal state-gating mechanisms that include neuroendocrine hormone systems such as opioids, dopamine, testosterone, estradiol, oxytocin. Such reinforced behavior emerges integrating past experience current environmental conditions. Moreover, stimuli, state gate modulate motivation learning via shaping process. We highlight research incorporating these concepts, focusing integration behavioral conditioning. explore three paradigms: 1) place preference, 2) 3) preference. nonclassical species emphasize applications To fully appreciate complex information, future must identify neural networks where endocrine exert influence behaviors. promises provide valuable insights into within broader

Язык: Английский

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