A circuit suppressing retinal drive to the optokinetic system during fast image motion

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) assists stabilization of the retinal image during head rotation. OKN is driven by ON direction selective ganglion cells (ON DSGCs), which encode both and speed global slip. The synaptic circuits responsible for selectivity DSGCs are well understood, but those sculpting their slow-speed preference remain enigmatic. Here, we probe this mechanism in mouse retina through patch clamp recordings, functional imaging, genetic manipulation, electron microscopic reconstructions. We confirm earlier evidence that feedforward glycinergic inhibition main suppressor DSGC responses to fast motion, reveal source inhibition-the VGluT3 amacrine cell, a dual neurotransmitter, excitatory/inhibitory interneuron. Together, our results identify role limiting range OKN. More broadly, they suggest shape response many cell types suppressing it some while enhancing others.

Язык: Английский

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An ON-type direction-selective ganglion cell in primate retina

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 623(7986), С. 381 - 386

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023

Abstract To maintain a stable and clear image of the world, our eyes reflexively follow direction in which visual scene is moving. Such gaze-stabilization mechanisms reduce blur as we move environment. In non-primate mammals, this behaviour initiated by retinal output neurons called ON-type direction-selective ganglion cells (ON-DSGCs), detect motion transmit signals to brainstem nuclei that drive compensatory eye movements 1 . However, ON-DSGCs have not yet been identified retina primates, raising possibility reflex mediated cortical areas. Here mined single-cell RNA transcriptomic data from primate identify candidate ON-DSGC. We then combined two-photon calcium imaging, molecular identification morphological analysis reveal population macaque retina. The morphology, signature GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-dependent underlie selectivity are highly conserved with those other mammals. further ON-DSGC human presence primates highlights need examine contribution subcortical normal aberrant gaze stabilization developing mature system.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal properties of glutamate input support direction selectivity in the dendrites of retinal starburst amacrine cells

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

The asymmetric summation of kinetically distinct glutamate inputs across the dendrites retinal ‘starburst’ amacrine cells is one several mechanisms that have been proposed to underlie their direction-selective properties, but experimentally verifying input kinetics has a challenge. Here, we used two-photon sensor (iGluSnFR) imaging directly measure individual starburst dendrites. We found signals measured from proximal were relatively sustained compared those distal These differences observed range stimulus sizes and appeared be shaped mainly by excitatory rather than inhibitory network interactions. Temporal deconvolution analysis suggests steady-state vesicle release rate was ~3 times larger at sites sites. Using connectomics-inspired computational model, demonstrate play an important role in shaping direction selectivity low velocities. Taken together, these results provide direct support for ‘space-time wiring’ model selectivity.

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetric retinal direction tuning predicts optokinetic eye movements across stimulus conditions

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Across species, the optokinetic reflex (OKR) stabilizes vision during self-motion. OKR occurs when ON direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (oDSGCs) detect slow, global image motion on retina. How oDSGC activity is integrated centrally to generate behavior remains unknown. Here, we discover mechanisms that contribute encoding in vertically tuned oDSGCs and leverage these findings empirically define signal transformation between output vertical behavior. We demonstrate contrast-sensitive asymmetric for types prefer opposite directions. These phenomena arise from interplay spike threshold nonlinearities differences synaptic input weights, including shifts balance of excitation inhibition. In behaving mice, neurophysiological observations, along with a central subtraction outputs, accurately predict trajectories across stimulus conditions. Thus, tuning competing sensory channels can critically shape

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetries in the Architecture of ON and OFF Arbors in ON–OFF Direction‐Selective Ganglion Cells

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 533(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Direction selectivity is a fundamental feature in the visual system. In retina, direction independently computed by ON and OFF circuits. However, advantages of extracting directional information from these two independent circuits are unclear. To gain insights, we examined ON–OFF direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs), which recombine signals both Specifically, investigated dendritic architecture neurons with premise that asymmetries will provide insights into function. Scrutinizing dendrites dye‐filled DSGCs reveals arbors substantially denser. The increase density can be primarily attributed to higher branching seen arbors. Further, analysis previously published serial block‐face electron microscopy dataset revealed denser packed more bipolar synapses per unit length. These suggest DSGC preferentially magnifies synaptic drive pathway, potentially allowing it encode distinct pathway.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in glycinergic neurotransmission alter mammalian retinal information processing

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Glycine, along with GABA, constitutes the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system. In retina, glycinergic neurotransmission is primarily used by amacrine cells that are involved lateral processing of visual stimuli inner retina. We have previously shown high-affinity glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1), commonly as a reliable marker for essential these cells. Abolishment retinal GlyT1 expression results breakdown AII cells, but most likely also other cell populations. However, impact loss on signal and visually guided behavior, has not yet been elucidated. this study, effects optomotor reflex photopic scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses were analyzed. show GlyT1-deficient mice normal to rotating black white stripes. When sawtooth luminance profiles used, thereby differentially activating ON OFF pathways, deficient showed facilitated preferring stimuli, whereas unchanged. These findings corroborated ERG recordings undistinguishable after flash stimulation revealed differences differential stimuli. To determine if function conserved humans, we analyzed from patient diagnosed encephalopathy. deficiency marked changes, characterized an almost complete “photopic hill” phenomenon, hill-like appearance relationship between b-wave amplitude log light stimulus strength under background illumination conditions, reductions oscillatory potentials dark- light-adapted states. Both consistent altered interaction ON- pathways Taken together our data retina important functions both humans.

Язык: Английский

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Differential expression analysis identifies candidate synaptogenic molecules for wiring direction-selective circuits in the retina

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. e1461232024 - e1461232024

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

An organizational feature of neural circuits is the specificity synaptic connections. A striking example direction-selective (DS) circuit retina. There are multiple subtypes DS retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) that prefer motion along one four preferred directions. This computation mediated by selective wiring a single inhibitory interneuron, starburst amacrine cell (SAC), with each DSGC subtype preferentially receiving input from subset SAC processes. We hypothesize molecular basis this in part unique expression profiles subtypes. To test this, we first performed paired recordings isolated mouse retinas both sexes to determine postnatal day 10 (P10) represents age at which asymmetric synapses form. Second, RNA sequencing and differential analysis on P10 ON-OFF DSGCs tuned for either nasal or ventral identified candidates may promote direction-specific wiring. then used conditional knock-out strategy role candidate, secreted organizer cerebellin-4 (Cbln4), development tuning. Using two-photon calcium imaging, observed small deficit directional tuning among ventral-preferring lacking Cbln4, though whole-cell voltage-clamp did not identify significant change inputs. suggests Cbln4 does function primarily via cell-autonomous mechanism instruct circuits. Nevertheless, our transcriptomic candidate factors gaining insights into mechanisms circuit.

Язык: Английский

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Transmission of Mixed Convergent Signals at the Mouse Retinogeniculate Synapse

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2024

Abstract There are two broad modes of information transfer in the brain: labeled line model, where neurons relay inputs they receive, and mixed tuning transform integrate different inputs. In visual pathway, between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is primarily viewed as a line. However, recent work mice has demonstrated that RGC types, encoding distinct features, can converge onto dLGN neuron, raising fundamental question whether transforms information. Using optogenetics we activated populations assessed spiking output by vivo recordings. We found response properties driven specific population largely matched RGCs. Furthermore, vitro dual-opsin experiments demonstrate strong functional convergence from types rarely occurs. Thus, retinogeniculate adheres to model.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging computational motifs: Lessons from the retina

Neuroscience Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 196, С. 11 - 22

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Neural substrates for saccadic modulation of visual representations in mouse superior colliculus

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024

SUMMARY How do sensory systems account for stimuli generated by natural behavior? We addressed this question examining how an ethologically relevant class of saccades modulates visual representations in the mouse superior colliculus (SC), a key region sensorimotor integration. quantified saccadic modulation recording SC responses to probes presented at stochastic saccade-probe latencies. Saccades significantly impacted population probes, with early enhancement that began prior and pronounced suppression several hundred milliseconds following saccades, independent units’ response properties or directional tuning. To determine cause modulation, we fictive simulated experience during without motor output. Some units exhibited similar real suggesting sensory-driven origin while others had dissimilar indicating contribution. These findings advance our understanding neural basis coding.

Язык: Английский

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