Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Abstract Vision provides animals with detailed information about their surroundings and conveys diverse features such as colour, form movement across the visual scene. Computing these parallel spatial requires a large network of neurons. Consequently, from flies to humans, regions in brain constitute half its volume. These often have marked structure–function relationships, neurons organized along maps shapes that directly relate roles processing. More than century anatomical studies catalogued detail cell types fly systems 1–3 , behavioural physiological experiments examined capabilities flies. To unravel diversity complex system, careful mapping neural architecture matched tools for targeted exploration this circuitry is essential. Here we present connectome right optic lobe male Drosophila melanogaster acquired using focused ion beam milling scanning electron microscopy. We established comprehensive inventory developed computational framework quantify anatomy. Together, data establish basis interpreting how vision. By integrating analysis connectivity information, neurotransmitter identity expert curation, classified approximately 53,000 into 732 types. are systematically described newly named. Finally, share an extensive collection split-GAL4 lines our neuron-type catalogue. Overall, set unlocks new possibilities systematic investigations vision foundation deeper understanding sensory

Язык: Английский

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Heterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Visual systems are homogeneous structures, where repeating columnar units retinotopically cover the visual field. Each of these columns contain many same neuron types that distinguished by anatomic, genetic and - generally functional properties. However, there exceptions to this rule. In 800 Drosophila eye, is an anatomically genetically identifiable cell type with variable properties, Tm9. Since anatomical connectivity shapes neuronal we identified presynaptic inputs several hundred Tm9s across both optic lobes using full adult female fly brain (FAFB) electron microscopic dataset FlyWire connectome. Our work shows Tm9 has three major sparsely distributed inputs. This differs from other Tm neurons, which have only one major, more stereotypic than Genetic synapse labeling showed heterogeneous wiring exists individuals. Together, our data argue system uses heterogeneous, circuit properties achieve robust processing.

Язык: Английский

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Looking across the gap: Understanding the evolution of eyes and vision among insects

BioEssays, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Abstract The compound eyes of insects exhibit stunning variation in size, structure, and function, which has allowed these animals to use their vision adapt a huge range different environments lifestyles, evolve complex behaviors. Much our knowledge eye development been learned from Drosophila , while visual adaptations behaviors are often more striking better understood studies other insects. However, recent insects, including bees, beetles, butterflies, have begun address this gap by revealing the genetic developmental bases differences morphology key new aspects structure function. Furthermore, technical advances facilitated generation high‐resolution connectomic data insect species that enhances understanding information processing, impact changes processes on evolution behavior. Here, we review breakthroughs propose future integrated research function systems within among represents great opportunity understand remarkable diversification vision.

Язык: Английский

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Broken time-reversal symmetry in visual motion detection

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(10)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Our intuition suggests that when a movie is played in reverse, our perception of motion at each location the reversed will be perfectly inverted compared to original. This also reflected classical theoretical and practical models estimation, which velocity flow fields invert inputs are time. However, here we report this symmetry upon time reversal broken real visual systems. We designed set stimuli investigate breaking fruit fly Drosophila's well-studied optomotor rotation behavior. identified suite with wide variety properties can uncover behavioral responses. then trained neural network predict scenes both natural artificial contrast distributions. Training naturalistic distributions yielded broke symmetry, even training data themselves were symmetric. show analytically numerically model responses arise from asymmetry data, but other features distribution. Furthermore, shallower exhibit stronger than deeper ones, suggesting less flexible networks may more prone breaking. Overall, these results reveal surprising feature biological detectors suggest it could constrained optimization environments.

Язык: Английский

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Neural pathways and computations that achieve stable contrast processing tuned to natural scenes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Summary Natural scenes are highly dynamic, challenging the reliability of visual processing. Yet, humans and many animals perform accurate behaviors, whereas computer vision devices struggle with changing environments. How does animal achieve this? Here, we reveal algorithms mechanisms rapid luminance gain control in Drosophila, resulting stable We identify dendrites specific third order neurons, Tm1 Tm9, as site control. The circuitry further involves neurons wide-field properties, matching computational predictions that local spatial pooling can drive optimal contrast processing natural where light conditions change rapidly. Experiments theory argue a spatially pooled signal achieves via divisive normalization. This process relies on shunting inhibition using glutamate-gated chloride channel GluClα. Our work describes computationally, algorithmically, mechanistically, how circuits robustly information dynamically changing, scenes.

Язык: Английский

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Broken time reversal symmetry in visual motion detection

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Abstract Our intuition suggests that when a movie is played in reverse, our perception of motion the reversed will be perfectly inverted compared to original. This also reflected many classical theoretical and practical models detection. However, here we demonstrate this symmetry upon time reversal often broken real visual systems. In work, designed set stimuli investigate how stimulus symmetries affect breaking fruit fly Drosophila ’s well-studied optomotor rotation behavior. We discovered suite new with wide variety different properties can lead behavioral responses. then trained neural network predict velocity scenes both natural artificial contrast distributions. Training naturalistic distributions yielded break symmetry, even training data was symmetric. show analytically numerically model responses arise from asymmetry data, but other features distribution. Furthermore, shallower exhibit stronger than deeper ones, suggesting less flexible networks promote some forms breaking. Overall, these results reveal surprising feature biological detectors suggest it could constrained optimization environments. Significance neuroscience, tell us about computations being performed by circuit. vision, for instance, one might expect backward, one’s percepts should all reversed. Exact perceptual would indicate surprisingly, systems symmetry. research, probe detection identify percepts. depends strongly on detector’s architecture optimized. Interestingly, find simulations are optimized perform inputs.

Язык: Английский

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A recurrent neural circuit in Drosophila temporally sharpens visual inputs

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Heterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

Summary Visual systems are homogeneous structures, where repeating columnar units stereotypically arranged to retinotopically cover the visual field. Each of these columns contain many same neuron types that distinguished by anatomic, genetic and – generally functional properties. However, there exceptions this rule. In 800 Drosophila eye, is an anatomically genetically identifiable cell type with variable properties, Tm9. Since anatomical connectivity shapes neuronal we identified presynaptic inputs several hundred Tm9s across both optic lobes using FAFB connectome dataset FlyWire analysis. Our work shows Tm9 has three major, stereotypic, weaker, sparsely distributed inputs. This differs from neurons uniform Tm1 Tm2, which have only one more stereotypic than Within heterogeneous circuit architecture, specific motifs, such as a set wide-field neurons, can be source physiology. Genetic synapse labeling combined expansion microscopy showed wiring exists individuals. Together, our data argue system uses heterogeneous, properties achieve robust processing.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid lightsheet fluorescence imaging of whole Drosophila brains at nanoscale resolution by potassium acrylate-based expansion microscopy

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024

Taking advantage of the good mechanical strength expanded Drosophila brains and to tackle their relatively large size that can complicate imaging, we apply potassium (poly)acrylate-based hydrogels for expansion microscopy (ExM), resulting in a 40x plus increased resolution transgenic fluorescent proteins preserved by glutaraldehyde fixation nervous system. Large-volume ExM is realized using an axicon-based Bessel lightsheet microscope, featuring gentle multi-color fluorophore excitation intrinsic optical sectioning capability, enabling visualization Tm5a neurites L3 lamina neurons with photoreceptors optic lobe. We also image nanometer-sized dopaminergic across same intact iteratively brain, us measure 3D ratio. Here show at tile scanning speed ~1 min/mm

Язык: Английский

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Neural pathways and computations that achieve stable contrast processing tuned to natural scenes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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