Harvard Review of Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2024
Abstract
A
majority
of
adults
in
the
United
States
(US)
report
a
range
stressful
and
potentially
traumatic
childhood
experiences
(e.g.,
physical
or
sexual
abuse,
witnessing
violence,
neglect).
Such
adversities
are
associated
with
mental
anxiety,
mood,
behavioral
difficulties)
cardiovascular
illnesses,
diabetes,
asthma)
health
problems.
Increasingly,
precision
medicine
approaches
seek
to
prevent
treat
such
multifinal
downstream
problems
by
identifying
common
etiological
pathways
inflammation
immune
pathways)
candidate
biomarkers
target
interventions.
In
this
context,
we
review
rationale
for
continued
research
identify
adversity.
Building
on
bioecological
theory,
emphasize
that
individual
neurobiological
profiles
develop
within
multiple
ecological
levels
(individual,
family,
neighborhood,
macrosocial)
confer
both
risk
protective
factors
can
attenuate
amplify
biological
effects
Given
limited
data
adversity-associated
children
adolescents,
discuss
future
recommendations
research,
implications
clinical
care,
ethical
considerations.
Preventing
adversity
supporting
adversity-
trauma-informed
systemic
intervention
remains
our
primary
recommendation.
We
highlight
need
consider
across
research.
Development and Psychopathology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 16
Опубликована: Март 6, 2024
Abstract
Developmental
psychopathology
started
as
an
intersection
of
fields
and
is
now
a
field
itself.
As
we
contemplate
the
future
this
field,
consider
ways
in
which
newer,
interdisciplinary
–
human
developmental
neuroscience
can
inform,
be
informed
by,
psychopathology.
To
do
so,
outline
principles
how
they
are
and/or
implemented
neuroscience.
In
turn,
highlight
collaboration
between
these
lead
to
richer
models
more
impactful
translation.
doing
describe
from
enrich
directions
for
Abstract
Socioeconomic
resources
(SER)
calibrate
the
developing
brain
to
current
context,
which
can
confer
or
attenuate
risk
for
psychopathology
across
lifespan.
Recent
multivariate
work
indicates
that
SER
levels
powerfully
relate
intrinsic
functional
connectivity
patterns
entire
brain.
Nevertheless,
neuroscientific
meaning
of
these
widespread
neural
differences
remains
poorly
understood,
despite
its
translational
promise
early
identification,
targeted
intervention,
and
policy
reform.
In
present
study,
we
leverage
graph
theory
precisely
characterize
univariate
associations
between
household
neighborhood
contexts
architecture
regions
in
5,821
youth
(9–10
years)
from
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
Study.
First,
establish
decomposing
into
profiles
integration
segregation
captures
more
than
half
association
with
greater
parsimony
(100-fold
reduction
number
features)
interpretability.
Second,
show
topological
effects
are
not
uniform
brain;
rather,
higher
associated
somatomotor
subcortical
systems,
but
default
mode,
orbitofrontal,
cerebellar
systems.
Finally,
demonstrate
spatially
patterned
along
unimodal–transmodal
gradient
organization.
These
findings
provide
critical
interpretive
context
established
This
study
highlights
both
higher-order
networks
differentially
implicated
environmental
stress,
disadvantage,
opportunity
youth.
Importance
Parenting
is
associated
with
brain
development
and
long-term
health
outcomes,
although
whether
these
associations
depend
on
the
developmental
timing
of
exposure
remains
understudied.
Identifying
sensitive
periods
can
inform
when
how
parenting
neurodevelopment
risk
for
mental
illness.
Objective
To
characterize
harsh
warm
during
early,
middle,
late
childhood
are
architecture
adolescence
and,
in
turn,
psychiatric
symptoms
early
adulthood
COVID-19
pandemic.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
population-based,
21-year
observational,
longitudinal
birth
cohort
study
low-income
youths
families
from
Detroit,
Michigan;
Toledo,
Ohio;
Chicago,
Illinois,
used
data
Future
Families
Child
Well-being
Study.
Data
were
collected
February
1998
to
June
2021.
Analyses
conducted
May
October
2023.
Exposures
Parent-reported
(psychological
aggression
or
physical
aggression)
observer-rated
(responsiveness)
at
ages
3,
5,
9
years.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
The
primary
outcomes
brainwide
(segregation,
integration,
small-worldness),
circuit
(prefrontal
cortex
[PFC]–amygdala
connectivity),
regional
(betweenness
centrality
amygdala
PFC)
age
15
years,
determined
using
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
youth-reported
anxiety
depression
21
structured
life-course
modeling
approach
was
disentangle
timing-dependent
cumulative
between
architecture.
Results
A
total
173
(mean
[SD]
age,
15.88
[0.53]
years;
95
female
[55%])
included.
Parental
psychological
positively
segregation
(β
=
0.30;
95%
CI,
0.14
0.45)
small-worldness
0.17;
0.03
0.28),
whereas
parental
negatively
PFC-amygdala
connectivity
−0.37;
−0.55
−0.12).
Warm
middle
0.23;
0.06
0.38)
PFC
−0.18;
−0.31
−0.03).
Warmer
reduced
−0.05;
CI
−0.10
−0.01)
−0.003)
via
greater
adolescent
centrality.
Conclusions
Relevance
Neural
widespread
across
but
localized
childhood.
future
stress.
These
developmentally
contingent
type
interventions.
Trends journal of sciences research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
1(1), С. 1 - 11
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025
Background:
Although
some
neural
mechanisms
underlying
socioeconomic
status
(SES)
disparities
are
known,
the
role
of
brain-wide
resting-state
functional
connectivity
in
these
effects
remains
less
understood.
Aim:
This
study
aims
to
identify
signatures
that
may
mediate
SES
on
body
mass
index
(BMI)
and
blood
pressure
children,
using
data
from
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
(ABCD)
study.
Methods:
Data
were
drawn
ABCD
study,
a
large,
diverse
cohort
children
aged
9-10.
Pre-processed
MRI
used,
factor
analysis
was
conducted
extract
whole-brain
factor.
The
first
factor,
capturing
greatest
variance
connectivity,
selected
for
further
structural
equation
model
(SEM).
tested
as
potential
mediator
relationship
between
(measured
by
parental
education,
family
income,
neighborhood
characteristics)
two
indicators
cardiometabolic
health:
BMI
systolic
pressure.
Results:
Factor
revealed
robust
accounted
significant
proportion
connectivity.
significantly
associated
with
SES,
indicating
lower
backgrounds
exhibited
distinct
patterns.
Additionally,
linked
both
pressure,
suggesting
its
relevance
health.
Mediation
showed
this
partially
mediated
Conclusions:
Brain-wide
be
children.
provides
promising
signature
linking
risk.
Comprehensive
approaches
offer
valuable
insights
into
how
social
determinants
health
shape
physical
development
childhood.
Abstract
General
cognitive
ability
(GCA),
also
called
“general
intelligence,”
is
thought
to
depend
on
network
properties
of
the
brain,
which
can
be
quantified
through
graph
theoretic
measures
such
as
small
worldness
and
module
degree.
An
extensive
set
studies
examined
links
between
GCA
graphical
resting
state
connectomes.
However,
these
often
involved
samples,
applied
just
a
few
theory
in
each
study,
yielded
inconsistent
results,
making
it
challenging
identify
architectural
underpinnings
GCA.
Here,
we
address
limitations
by
systematically
investigating
univariate
multivariate
relationships
17
whole-brain
node-level
individuals
from
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
Study
(n
=
5937).
We
demonstrate
that
measures,
including
global
efficiency,
fail
exhibit
meaningful
with
In
contrast,
multiple
especially
degree
(within-network
connectivity),
strong
associations
establish
robustness
results
replicating
them
second
large
sample,
Human
Connectome
Project
847),
across
variety
modeling
choices.
This
study
provides
most
comprehensive
definitive
account
date
complex
interrelationships
brain’s
intrinsic
functional
architecture.
