Exosomes: key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2020

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular etc., which play a crucial role regulating tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis the process cancer development, can be used as prognostic marker and/or grading basis for patients. Hereby, we mainly summarized followed: exosome contents cancer, focusing on proteins RNA; interaction between exosomes microenvironment; mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion migration affected exosomes; suppression strategies based exosomes. Finally, application potential clinical diagnosis therapy is prospected, providing theoretical supports using to serve precise treatment clinic.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting drugs to tumours using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1), С. 33 - 48

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(9), С. 1744 - 1762

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor and sensory dysfunction with high disability mortality. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted nano-sized exosomes have shown great potential for promoting functional behavioral recovery following SCI. However, MSCs are usually exposed normoxia in vitro, which differs greatly from the hypoxic micro-environment vivo. Thus, main purpose of this study was determine whether derived under hypoxia (HExos) exhibit greater effects on than those (Exos) SCI mice seek underlying mechanism.Electron microscope, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), western blot were applied characterize differences between Exos HExos group. A model vivo a series vitro experiments performed compare therapeutic two groups. Next, miRNA microarray rescue conducted verify role exosomal Western blot, luciferase activity, RNA-ChIP used investigate mechanisms.Our results indicate that promote by shifting microglial polarization M1 M2 phenotype vitro. array showed miR-216a-5p be most enriched potentially involved HExos-mediated polarization. TLR4 identified as target downstream gene miR-216a-5p/TLR4 axis confirmed gain- loss-of-function experiments. Finally, we found TLR4/NF-κB/PI3K/AKT signaling cascades may modulation miR-216a-5p.Hypoxia preconditioning represents promising effective approach optimize actions MSC-derived combination miRNAs present minimally invasive method treating

Язык: Английский

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Context-specific regulation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo selection

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 454 - 476

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Application

Cancer Discovery, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(4), С. 858 - 873

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021

Over the past 10 years, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and DNA (ctDNA) have received enormous attention as new biomarkers subjects of translational research. Although both are already used in numerous clinical trials, their utility is still under investigation with promising first results. Clinical applications include early cancer detection, improved staging, detection relapse, real-time monitoring therapeutic efficacy, targets resistance mechanisms. Here, we propose a conceptual framework CTC ctDNA assays point out current challenges research, which might structure this dynamic field SIGNIFICANCE: The analysis blood for CTCs or cell-free nucleic acids called "liquid biopsy" has opened avenues diagnostics, including tumors, risk assessment well relapse evolution context therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2020

Abstract Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests exosomes participate in intercellular communication act as important molecular vehicles the regulation numerous physiological pathological processes, including cancer development. released by various cell types under both normal conditions, they can be found multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, carrying wide variety macromolecules provide window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers diagnosis, prediction, surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility low immunogenicity cytotoxicity, have clinical applications development innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances technologies exosome isolation research. We outline functions regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, immune modulation context Finally, discuss prospects challenges exosome-based therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Metastasis

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(8), С. 1564 - 1579

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Liver metastases

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Exosome engineering: Current progress in cargo loading and targeted delivery

NanoImpact, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20, С. 100261 - 100261

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020

Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple techniques developed, such incubating with exosomes exosome-secreting transfection, physical treatments (sonication, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thaw, surfactant treatment, dialysis), in situ synthesis. Moreover, homing-molecules high receptor binding affinity, acidic milieu responsiveness, magnetic properties assembled on exosomal by transfection chemical modification, conferring the targeting capacity exosomes. In this review, we summarize biogenesis, contents functions provide comprehensive discussion for strategies membrane modification targeted delivery.

Язык: Английский

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