The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(4), С. 1451 - 1465

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interactions that affects between 5 and 10% general population worldwide. The current symptom criteria restrict diagnosis to recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered habits, but majority patients also report non-painful discomfort, psychiatric conditions (anxiety depression), as well other visceral somatic pain-related symptoms. For decades, IBS was considered an intestinal motility disorder, more recently a gut disorder. However, based on extensive body reported information about central, peripheral mechanisms genetic factors involved in pathophysiology symptoms, comprehensive disease model brain-gut-microbiome has emerged, which can explain chronic pain, comorbidities. In this review, we will first describe novel insights into several key components microbiome interactions, starting alterations connectome enteric nervous system, list distinct functional structural brain signatures, comparing them proposed anxiety disorders. We then point out emerging correlations networks genomic, gastrointestinal, immune, microbiome-related parameters. incorporate new systems-based IBS. Finally, discuss implications such for improved understanding development effective treatment approaches future.

Язык: Английский

---

Metagenomics: An Effective Approach for Exploring Microbial Diversity and Functions

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(11), С. 2140 - 2140

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Various fields have been identified in the "omics" era, such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metagenomics. Among these, metagenomics has enabled a significant increase discoveries related to microbial world. Newly discovered microbiomes different ecologies provide meaningful information on diversity functions of microorganisms Earth. Therefore, results metagenomic studies new microbe-based applications human health, agriculture, food industry, among others. This review summarizes fundamental procedures recent advances bioinformatic tools. It also explores up-to-date study, plant research, environmental sciences, other fields. Finally, is powerful tool for studying world, it still numerous that are currently hidden awaiting discovery. this discusses future perspectives

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated vector genomes may contribute to long-term expression in primate liver after AAV administration

Nature Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(8), С. 1232 - 1242

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

The development of liver-based adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapies is facing concerns about limited efficiency and durability transgene expression. We evaluated nonhuman primates following intravenous dosing AAV8 AAVrh10 vectors for over 2 years to better define the mechanism(s) transduction that affect performance. High non-immunogenic transgenes was achieved, although expression declined first 90 days reach a lower but stable steady state. More than 10% hepatocytes contained single nuclear domains vector DNA persisted despite loss Greater reductions in RNA were observed with immunogenic transgenes. Genomic integration sequences, including complex concatemeric structures, detected 1 out 100 cells at broadly distributed loci not proximity genes associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Our studies suggest AAV-mediated primate occurs two phases: high short-lived from episomal genomes, followed by much expression, likely integrated vectors.

Язык: Английский

---

Promotion of healthy aging through the nexus of gut microbiota and dietary phytochemicals

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100376 - 100376

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Aging is associated with the decline of tissue and cellular functions, which can promote development age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, disorders musculoskeletal immune systems. Healthspan length time an individual in good health free from chronic disabilities aging. Two modifiable factors that influence healthspan, healthy aging, prevent diseases, are diet microbiota gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota). This review will discuss how dietary phytochemicals gut work concert to a First overview provided influences aging through its impact on barrier integrity, function, mitochondria function oxidative stress. Next, mechanisms by effect health, inflammation, nurture diverse microbial composition discussed. Lastly, directly producing bioactive metabolites food urolithin A, equol, hesperetin sulforaphane. These other phytochemical derived may healthspan Importantly, individual's capacity produce promoting cruciferous vegetables, berries, nuts, citrus soy products be dependent specific bacteria present gut.

Язык: Английский

---

Diet, microbiota, and the mucus layer: The guardians of our health

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2022

The intestinal tract is an ecosystem in which the resident microbiota lives symbiosis with its host. This symbiotic relationship key to maintaining overall health, dietary habits of host representing one main external factors shaping microbiome-host relationship. Diets high fiber and low fat sugars, as opposed Western high-fat diets, have been shown a beneficial effect on health by promoting growth bacteria, improve mucus barrier function immune tolerance, while inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses their downstream effects. On contrary, diets sugars associated alterations composition/functionality subsequent development chronic diseases such food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disease. In this review, we provided updated overview current understanding connection between diet, microbiota, special focus role homeostasis modulating gut microbiota.

Язык: Английский

---

Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry: Pathogenesis and Control Strategies

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(11), С. 2134 - 2134

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

C. jejuni is the leading cause of human foodborne illness associated with poultry, beef, and pork consumption. highly prevalent in commercial poultry farms, where horizontal transmission from environment considered to be primary source jejuni. As an enteric pathogen, expresses virulence factors regulated by a two-component system that mediates jejuni's ability survive host. survives reproduces avian intestinal mucus. The mucus sulfated sialylated compared modulating pathogenicity into near commensal bacteria poultry. Birds are usually infected two four weeks age remain colonized until they reach market age. A small dose (around 35 CFU/mL) sufficient for successful bird colonization. In U.S., chickens raised under antibiotic-free environments, additional strategies required reduce prevalence on broilers farms. Strict biosecurity measures can decrease more than 50% at Vaccination probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, bacteriophages, bacteriocins, quorum sensing inhibitors supplementation improve gut health competitively exclude load broilers. Most mentioned showed promising results; however, not fully implemented production. Current knowledge morphology, transmission, pathogenesis available preharvest colonization addressed this review.

Язык: Английский

---

Engineering the gut microbiome

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(9), С. 665 - 679

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis – targets in research and treatment

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 137(8), С. 645 - 662

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Abstract Both a leaky gut (a barrier defect of the intestinal surface) and dysbiosis change in microbial population) are intrinsic to sepsis. While sepsis itself can cause dysbiosis, worsen The syndrome refers status with which there is an increased permeability allowing translocation molecules from into blood circulation. It not just symptom gastrointestinal involvement, but also underlying that develops independently, its presence could be recognized by detection, blood, lipopolysaccharides (1→3)-β-D-glucan (major components microbiota). Gut-dysbiosis consequence reduction some bacterial species microbiome, as mucosal immunity defect, caused hypoperfusion, immune cell apoptosis, variety enteric neuro-humoral-immunity responses. A bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids barriers, leading pathogen molecules, circulation where it causes systemic inflammation. Even fungi might human patients sepsis, even though this has been consistently observed murine models probably because longer duration antibiotic use patients. virobiome partly consists bacteriophages detectable contents different between normal hosts. These alterations altogether interesting target for adjuvant therapies, e.g., faecal transplantation or probiotic therapy. Here, current information on along potential biomarkers, new treatment strategies, future research topics mentioned.

Язык: Английский

---

Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(4), С. 833 - 845

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to development neurodegenerative diseases via microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped reveal bidirectional communication between central nervous system enteric is facilitated by microbiota's diverse microorganisms, for both neuroimmune neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize bioinformatics analysis wet-biology validation metagenomics with an emphasis on multi-omics studies virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers identifying brain disorders potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, discuss role diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics exercise interventions remodeling microbiome reducing symptoms diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Mediterranean diet and olive oil, microbiota, and obesity-related cancers. From mechanisms to prevention

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95, С. 103 - 119

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Olive oil (OO) is the main source of added fat in Mediterranean diet (MD). It a mix bioactive compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. There growing body evidence that MD OO improve obesity-related factors. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk for several cancers: endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric cardia, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder, thyroid cancer. However, epidemiological linking these cancers, their potential mechanisms action, especially those involving gut microbiota, are not clearly described or understood. The goals this review 1) to update current knowledge on associations between consumption 2) identify microbiota involved 3) report effects mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

---