Mediterranean diet and olive oil, microbiota, and obesity-related cancers. From mechanisms to prevention

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95, С. 103 - 119

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Olive oil (OO) is the main source of added fat in Mediterranean diet (MD). It a mix bioactive compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. There growing body evidence that MD OO improve obesity-related factors. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk for several cancers: endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric cardia, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder, thyroid cancer. However, epidemiological linking these cancers, their potential mechanisms action, especially those involving gut microbiota, are not clearly described or understood. The goals this review 1) to update current knowledge on associations between consumption 2) identify microbiota involved 3) report effects mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations in the gut virome are associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Although changes in gut microbiome have been associated with the development of T2D and its complications, role virome remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized alterations complications diabetic nephropathy (DN) by metagenomic sequencing fecal viral-like particles. Compared controls, subjects, especially those DN, had significantly lower viral richness diversity. 81 species were identified to be altered including a decrease some phages (e.g. Flavobacterium phage Cellulophaga phaga). DN subjects depleted 12 species, Bacteroides phage, Anoxybacillus virus Brevibacillus enriched 2 (Shigella Xylella phage). Multiple functions, particularly lysing host bacteria, markedly reduced DN. Strong viral-bacterial interactions healthy controls disrupted both Moreover, combined use bacterial markers achieved powerful diagnostic performance for AUC 99.03% 98.19%, respectively. Our results suggest that complication are significant diversity, specific loss multiple disruption correlations. The potential

Язык: Английский

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Potential Pathophysiological Pathways in the Complex Relationships between OSA and Cancer

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 1061 - 1061

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Several epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) higher incidence or severity of cancer. This appears to be dependent on myriad factors. These include non-modifiable factors, such as age gender; modifiable preventable specific comorbidities (especially obesity), the use particular treatments, and, above all, histological type location Heterogeneity in OSA cancer is also related influences intermittent hypoxemia (a hallmark feature OSA), among others, metabolism microenvironment different types tumoral cells. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α), molecule activated expressed situations hypoxemia, seems key enabling variety pathophysiological mechanisms that are becoming increasingly better recognized. appear operationally involved via alterations cellular functions (mainly involving immune system) molecular functions, by inducing modifications microbiome. This, turn, may individually collectively increase risk cancer, which then, further modulated genetic susceptibility individual. Here, we provide an updated brief review pathways been identified could explain We identify future challenges need overcome this intriguing field research.

Язык: Английский

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Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Purpose of review This comprehensively discusses the role gut microbiome and its metabolites in health disease sheds light on importance a holistic approach assessing gut. Recent findings The consisting bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, virome has profound effect human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations microbial population not only results gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. microorganisms produce (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, so on) that are important for several interkingdom interactions functions. They participate various host metabolic processes. An alteration species affect their respective metabolite concentrations have serious implications. Effective assessment crucial as it provide insights into one’s overall Summary Emerging evidence highlights disease. As implicated GI well symptoms, plays well-being host. may status leading more care.

Язык: Английский

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Bioprospecting the Skin Microbiome: Advances in Therapeutics and Personal Care Products

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 1899 - 1899

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Bioprospecting is the discovery and exploration of biological diversity found within organisms, genetic elements or produced compounds with prospective commercial therapeutic applications. The human skin an ecological niche which harbours a rich compositional microbiome stemming from multifactorial interactions between host microbiota facilitated by exploitable effector compounds. Advances in understanding microbial colonisation mechanisms alongside species strain have revealed novel chemical displays applicative potential. Studies elucidating organismal interfaces concomitant central processes biology begun to unravel potential wealth molecules can exploited for their proposed functions. A variety skin-microbiome-derived display applications, ranging antioncogenic agents relevant cancer therapy treatment strategies antimicrobial-resistant bacterial fungal infections. Considerable opportunities emerged translation personal care products, such as topical mitigate various conditions acne eczema. Adjacent compound developments focused on cosmetic applications reducing ageing its associated changes properties microbiome. contains applications; however, considerable work required vitro findings vivo models ensure translatability.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Molecular Bases, Predictive Biomarkers, Diagnostic Methods, and Therapeutic Options

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(13), С. 7062 - 7062

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

In inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the immune system relentlessly attacks intestinal cells, causing recurrent tissue damage over lifetime of patients. The etiology IBD is complex multifactorial, involving environmental, microbiota, genetic, immunological factors that alter molecular basis organism. Among these, microbiota cells play pivotal roles; generates antigens recognized by antibodies, while autoantibodies target attack membrane, exacerbating inflammation damage. Given altered framework, analysis multiple biomarkers in patients proves exceedingly valuable for diagnosing prognosing IBD, including markers like C reactive protein fecal calprotectin. Upon detection classification patients, specific treatments are administered, ranging from conventional drugs to new biological therapies, antibodies neutralize molecules tumor necrosis factor (TNF) integrin. This review delves into targets, biomarkers, treatment options, monitoring techniques, and, ultimately, current challenges management.

Язык: Английский

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Integrative metagenomic analysis reveals distinct gut microbial signatures related to obesity

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Abstract Obesity is a metabolic disorder closely associated with profound alterations in gut microbial composition. However, the dynamics of species composition and functional changes microbiome obesity remain to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted meta-analysis metagenomic sequencing data from both obese non-obese individuals across multiple cohorts, totaling 1351 fecal metagenomes. Our results demonstrate significant decrease richness diversity bacteriome virome patients. We identified 38 bacterial including Eubacterium sp. CAG:274, Ruminococcus gnavus , eligens Akkermansia muciniphila, 1 archaeal species, Methanobrevibacter smithii that were significantly altered obesity. Additionally, observed abundance five viral families: Mesyanzhinovviridae Chaseviridae Salasmaviridae Drexlerviridae Casjensviridae . Functional analysis indicated distinct signatures as primary driver for function enrichment obesity, muciniphila bicirculans siraeum drivers healthy control group. our suggest antibiotic resistance genes virulence factors may influence development Finally, demonstrated vOTUs achieved diagnostic accuracy an optimal area under curve 0.766 distinguishing controls. findings offer comprehensive generalizable insights into features potential guide microbiome-based diagnostics.

Язык: Английский

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Overcoming donor variability and risks associated with fecal microbiota transplants through bacteriophage-mediated treatments

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and fecal virome (FVT, sterile filtrated donor feces) have been effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, possibly through bacteriophage-mediated modulation of the gut microbiome. However, challenges like variability, costly screening, coupled with concerns over pathogen transfer (incl. eukaryotic viruses) FMT or FVT hinder their wider clinical application less acute diseases. Methods To overcome these challenges, we developed methods to broaden FVT’s while maintaining efficacy increasing safety. Specifically, employed following approaches: (1) chemostat-fermentation reproduce bacteriophage component remove viruses (FVT-ChP), (2) solvent-detergent treatment inactivate enveloped (FVT-SDT), (3) pyronin-Y inhibit RNA virus replication (FVT-PyT). We assessed processed FVTs a C. infection mouse model compared them untreated (FVT-UnT), FMT, saline. Results FVT-SDT, FVT-UnT, FVT-ChP reduced incidence mice reaching humane endpoint (0/8, 2/7, 3/8, respectively) FVT-PyT, saline (5/8, 7/8, 5/7, significantly load colonizing cells associated toxin A/B levels. There was potential elimination colonization, seven out eight treated FVT-SDT testing negative qPCR. In contrast, all other treatments exhibited continued presence . Moreover, results were supported by changes microbiome profiles, cecal cytokine levels, histopathological findings. Assessment viral engraftment FMT/FVT host-phage correlations analysis suggested that phages likely an important contributing factor efficacy. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study shows specific modifications hold promise addressing related variability risks. Two strategies lead limiting colonization mice, solvent/detergent chemostat propagation emerging as promising approaches.

Язык: Английский

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The pediatric gut bacteriome and virome in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Introduction Since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in early 2020, it has been apparent that children were partially protected from both infection and more severe forms disease. Many different mechanisms have proposed to explain this phenomenon, including children’s frequent exposure other upper respiratory infections vaccines, which inflammatory cytokines they are likely produce response infection. Furthermore, given presence intestine its ability infect enterocytes, combined with well described immunomodulatory capabilities microbiome, another potential contributing factor may be certain protective microbial members gut microbiota (GM). Methods We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing profiled bacteriome virome GM pediatric patients compared healthy, age-matched subjects. Results found that, while do share some pro-inflammatory signatures adult patients, also possess a distinct signature bacteria previously negatively correlated infectivity COVID-19 severity. was associated higher fecal Cytomegalovirus load, shifts relative abundances bacteriophages GM. we address how preventative treatment antibiotics, common practice especially days pandemic, affected virome, as antimicrobial resistance virulence genes these patients. Discussion To our knowledge, is first study bacteriome, resistome antibiotics use.

Язык: Английский

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Bacteriophages, gut bacteria, and microbial pathways interplay in cardiometabolic health

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(2), С. 113728 - 113728

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Cardiometabolic diseases are leading causes of mortality in Western countries. Well-established risk factors include host genetics, lifestyle, diet, and the gut microbiome. Moreover, bacterial communities their activities can be altered by bacteriophages (also known simply as phages), bacteria-infecting viruses, making these biological entities key regulators human cardiometabolic health. The manipulation populations phages enables possibility using treatment through phage therapy fecal viral transplants. First, however, a deeper understanding role phageome is required. In this review, we first introduce component microbiome discuss transplants relation to diseases. We then summarize current state research propose how might indirectly influence health bacteria metabolites.

Язык: Английский

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