Nanofluids for Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review on Preparation Methods, Properties, and Environmental Impact

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(6), С. 5251 - 5282

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Nanofluids, an advanced class of heat transfer fluids, have gained significant attention due to their superior thermophysical properties, making them highly effective for various engineering applications. This review explores the impact nanoparticle integration on thermal conductivity, viscosity, and overall performance base highlighting improvements in systems, such as exchangers, electronics cooling, PV/T CSP technologies, geothermal recovery. Key mechanisms nanolayer formation, Brownian motion, aggregation are discussed, with a focus hybrid nanofluids that show enhanced conductivity. The increase viscosity poses trade-off, necessitating careful control properties optimize while reducing energy consumption. Empirical data up 123% convective coefficients, demonstrating tangible benefits efficiency system miniaturization. also considers environmental impacts nanofluid use, potential toxicity challenges sustainable production disposal. Future research directions include developing specific integrating phase change materials, exploring new nanomaterials metal chalcogenides enhance sustainability management systems.

Язык: Английский

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Thermal analysis of medium-depth borehole heat exchanger coupled layered stratum thermal conductivity

Renewable Energy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 122880 - 122880

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the effects of multiple factors on the thermal performance of deep borehole heat exchangers: A systematic review

Journal of Building Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96, С. 110488 - 110488

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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In-situ test and numerical investigation on the long-term performance of deep borehole heat exchanger coupled heat pump heating system

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61, С. 104855 - 104855

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024

Given the substantial initial investment required by drilling and implementation of Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (DBHE), it becomes imperative to quantitatively evaluate its long-term performance sustainability. This work introduces a pilot DBHE project in Xi'an, along with 500-h in-situ monitored data, which is used validate 3D numerical model established simulated OpenGeoSys (OGS) software. Based on validated model, series extended scenarios are executed influence design operational parameters sustainability system. The results show that depth most significant factor influences performance. On contrary, pipe diameter inner thermal conductivity have very limited impact. A comprehensive evaluation suggested determine flow rates real projects while considering energy consumption circulation pump. Moreover, heat extraction analysis coupled geothermal pump under intermittent operation also investigated. With fixed daily heating demand, longer operating time lower circulating temperature drops, advantageous for pump's efficiency operation.

Язык: Английский

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Future technologies for building sector to accelerate energy transition

Energy and Buildings, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 115044 - 115044

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Maximising the potential of deep geothermal energy: Thermal output increase by large-scale heat pumps

Applied Thermal Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 257, С. 124240 - 124240

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

Due to the high share of heating market in Europés final energy consumption, it is mandatory intensify decarbonisation this sector. Large-scale heat pumps could significantly contribute different areas application, like supply existing networks or utilisation industrial waste heat, by using various sources geothermal, air running water. However, there are still open research questions regarding technical aspects fluid selection part load behaviour as well economic aspects. This study investigates potential maximising thermal capacity geothermal plants integrating large-scale pumps. To consider a realistic performance pump, experimental results implemented into techno-economic model. Annual simulations carried out based on real data for district network and source. The investigations high-temperature pump show impact temperature lift, glides operation COP. Additionally, investigated For analyses, levelized costs (LCOH) calculated. base scenario, 68 €/MWh estimated. sensitivity analyses were conducted quantify influence selected geological, design parameters LCOH. electricity price shows most significant impact, with reduction LCOH 39 %. In general, points great systems extend renewable system's efficiently cost-effectively.

Язык: Английский

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Geologic and thermal conductivity analysis based on geophysical test and combined modeling

Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 310, С. 133235 - 133235

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Experimental and numerical study on the attenuation and recovery characteristics of ground temperature during deep-buried pipe heat transfer

Energy and Buildings, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 307, С. 113961 - 113961

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Long-term performance optimization of medium-deep geothermal heat exchangers for building heating based on a project in Xixian New Area, China

Energy and Buildings, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 320, С. 114642 - 114642

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Multi-factor optimization of coaxial borehole heat exchanger based on Taguchi and matrix method

Geothermics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 125, С. 103193 - 103193

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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