High-energy hydroxytetrazoles: Design, synthesis and performance

Energetic Materials Frontiers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(1), С. 3 - 13

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2021

In recent years, the development of novel advanced high-energy density materials has significantly shifted toward nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives, which demonstrate a great potential for multipurpose application patterns. Among known heterocycles hydroxytetrazole is special importance due to its high nitrogen-oxygen content and possibility serve as anion counterpart form diverse array organic inorganic energetic salts. this review, we summarized main achievements on synthesis performance hydroxytetrazole-based materials. Potential applications presented compounds their environmental compatibility are especially emphasized.

Язык: Английский

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Challenging the Limitations of Tetranitro Biimidazole through Introducing a gem-Dinitromethyl Scaffold

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(8), С. 1290 - 1294

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

A gem-dinitromethyl group was successfully introduced into the TNBI·2H2O structure (TNBI: 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole) to obtain 1-(dinitromethyl)-4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-1H,1′H-2,2′-biimidazole (DNM-TNBI). Benefiting from transformation of an N-H proton a group, current limitations TNBI were well solved. More importantly, DNM-TNBI has high density (1.92 g·cm–3, 298 K), good oxygen balance (15.3%), and excellent detonation properties (Dv = 9102 m·s–1, P 37.6 GPa), suggesting that it great potential as oxidizer or high-performance energetic material.

Язык: Английский

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Theoretical study of friction sensitivity of energetic materials

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 112692 - 112692

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Design and Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Azo‐Bridged Furoxanylazoles as High‐Performance Energetic Materials

Chemistry - A European Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(59), С. 14628 - 14637

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2021

A series of novel energetic materials comprising azo-bridged furoxanylazoles enriched with functionalities was designed and synthesized. These high-energy were thoroughly characterized by IR multinuclear NMR (1 H, 13 C, 14 N) spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The molecular structures representative amino azo oxadiazole assemblies additionally confirmed single-crystal X-ray diffraction powder diffraction. comparison contributions explosophoric moieties into the density revealed that furoxan 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings are densest motifs while substitution azide fragments on nitro ones leads to an increase density. Azo bridged have high nitrogen-oxygen contents (68.8-76.9 %) thermal stability. synthesized compounds exhibit good experimental densities (1.62-1.88 g cm-3 ), very enthalpies formation (846-1720 kJ mol-1 and, as a result, excellent detonation performance (detonation velocities 7.66-9.09 km s-1 pressures 25.0-37.7 GPa). From application perspective, parameters exceed those benchmark explosive RDX, combination acceptable friction sensitivity azo(1,2,4-triazolylfuroxan) make it promising potential alternative PETN.

Язык: Английский

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Energetic isomers of bridged oxadiazole nitramines: the effect of asymmetric heterocyclics on stability and energetic properties

Dalton Transactions, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 50(38), С. 13286 - 13293

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

A series of asymmetric oxadiazole nitramine compounds were designed and synthesized, a comparative study detonation, sensitivity, thermal properties three isomers is made.

Язык: Английский

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Review on the Synthesis and Performance for 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Energetic Materials

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46(6), С. 860 - 874

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2021

Abstract Energetic materials have been widely used in both military and civilian fields. The development of new high‐energy with improved performance enhanced stability is critical for promoting future space applications. Recently, researchers the field energetic paid significant attention to oxadiazole‐based compounds, among which 1,3,4‐oxadiazole demonstrates moderate energy levels better stability, owing absence readily cleaved N−O bonds compared other oxadiazole isomers, such as 1,2,4‐oxadiazole 1,2,5‐oxadiazole. Therefore, an exceptional explosophoric motif efficient compromise between several outstanding achieved based on combination units various functional groups or rings, polynitrobenzene, furazan, pyrazole, itself. This review provides overview 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐based during past few years, outlines their synthesis performance, contrasts them conventional materials. Owing convenience synthetic routes excellent properties, skeleton may be considered next‐generation high‐performance specifically heat‐resistant explosives insensitive explosives.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Packing Density Coefficient Contradiction of High-Density Energetic Compounds and a Strategy to Achieve High Packing Density

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(5), С. 3252 - 3263

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022

High packing density (dc) is of great importance in the field energetic materials, as it positively correlated with energy performances, which refer to power, detonation property, or specific kinetic a cylinder. This makes high dc focus for designing new molecules. article systematically analyzes composition, molecular topology, intermolecular interaction, molecule (dm), and coefficient (PC) top 36 highest (≥1.90 g/cm3) CHNO compounds extracted from CSD. For these compounds, dm–PC contradiction exists. dm increases, PC decreases. The absence planar structure strong hydrogen bonding acceptor donor high-dm molecules responsible low contradiction. Two strategies are summarized achieving dc: first, design caged oxygen balance because they generally possess extraordinarily remedy shortcoming rather PC, other dense acceptors donors obtain PCs further based on moderate dm. introduction NH2 needs be emphasized second strategy. work expected guide high-density compounds.

Язык: Английский

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A strategy for stabilizing of N8 type energetic materials by introducing 4-Nitro-1,2,3-Triazole scaffolds

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 430, С. 133181 - 133181

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Relationship between the Molecular Structure and Stacking Mode: Characteristics of the D_2h and D_3h Molecules in Planar Layer-Stacked Crystals

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(12), С. 6847 - 6861

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2021

The molecular structure and stacking mode relationship is the core of creating planar layer-stacked materials by crystal engineering. However, it remains highly challenging to clarify relationship. By exhaustively extracting 50 compounds with D2h or D3h point groups from Cambridge Structural Database, we study in this work, characteristics molecules those others for comparison. For a hydrogenous molecule, requires both strong donor acceptor hydrogen bonds (HBs) therein large positive negative electrostatic potential extremes (e.g., ≥35 kcal/mol at theoretical level B3LYP/6-311G(d)) situated on its edge layer stacking, while regarding H free stacked layers, they are prone be sparsely arranged, intralayer intermolecular interactions belong weak halogen bonding other van der Waals attraction, rather small their edges and/or faces. Additionally, first propose definitions six types modes scientifically exactly classify them based relative orientations arrangement planes crystal. Accordingly, strategy constructing HBs proposed. This work expected benefit engineering materials.

Язык: Английский

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Multisubstituted Imidazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine Fused Ring System Resulting from Nitroamine–Nitroimine Tautomerism

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(20), С. 7860 - 7864

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

A series of multisubstituted imidazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine fused ring compounds was synthesized in which nitroamine–nitroimine tautomerism is exhibited. The electrostatic potential indicates that the nitroimino group has lowest negative value, second only to nitro group, culminating nitroamino area, highest positive value. In addition, a strong hydrogen bond system arises from newly formed tautomer suggests more stable than its analogue.

Язык: Английский

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