Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas. First, a short review of the key terms, scientific basis approaches assessing (eco)toxicology is given, including existing frameworks these assessments. background was evaluated, resulting in framework chemicals. The based on steps (problem formulation, assessment, hazard identification characterisation, characterisation uncertainty analysis), with tiered stepwise both whole mixture component-based approaches. Specific considerations are given grouping into common groups, use dose addition as default assumption, integrate evidence interactions refinement groups. Case studies annexed this guidance explore feasibility spectrum applications proposed methods assessment. Scientific Committee considers that fit purpose assessments should be applied work. Future work research recommended.

Язык: Английский

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Statement on advancing the assessment of chemical mixtures and their risks for human health and the environment

Environment International, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 134, С. 105267 - 105267

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2019

The number of anthropogenic chemicals, manufactured, by-products, metabolites and abiotically formed transformation products, counts to hundreds thousands, at present. Thus, humans wildlife are exposed complex mixtures, never one chemical a time rarely with only dominating effect. Hence there is an urgent need develop strategies on how exposure multiple hazardous chemicals the combination their effects can be assessed. A workshop, “Advancing Assessment Chemical Mixtures Risks for Human Health Environment” was organized in May 2018 together Joint Research Center Ispra, EU-funded research projects Commission Services relevant EU agencies. This forum researchers policy-makers created discuss identify gaps risk assessment governance mixtures as well state art science future needs. Based presentations discussions this workshop we want bring forward following Key Messages: We turning point: exposures combined require better management protect public health environment from mixtures. Regulatory initiatives should launched investigate opportunities all regulatory frameworks include prospective mixture consider (real-life) wildlife, across sectors. Precautionary approaches intermediate measures (e.g. Mixture Factor) already applied, although, definitive assessments cannot routinely conducted due significant knowledge data gaps. European strategy needs set, through stakeholder engagement, would aimed scientific advancement mechanistic understanding modelling techniques, address policy Without such clear strategy, specific objectives common priorities, research, policies will likely remain scattered insufficient.

Язык: Английский

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Regulatory assessment and risk management of chemical mixtures: challenges and ways forward

Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 49(2), С. 174 - 189

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2019

This paper summarizes current challenges, the potential use of novel scientific methodologies, and ways forward in risk assessment management mixtures. Generally, methodologies to address mixtures have been agreed; however, there are still several data methodological gaps be addressed. New approach can support filling knowledge on toxicity mode(s) action individual chemicals. (Bio)Monitoring, modeling, better sharing will derivation more realistic co-exposure scenarios. As often hamper an in-depth specific chemical mixtures, option taking account possible mixture effects single substance assessments is briefly discussed. To allow managers take informed decisions, transparent documentation assumptions related uncertainties recommended indicating impact assessment. Considering large number combinations chemicals prioritization needed, so that actions first highest concern drive risk. with different applications regulated separately might lead similar toxicological effects, it important consider across legislative sectors.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental impact and human health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and remedial strategies: A detailed review

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 351, С. 141227 - 141227

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide use negatively affects bumble bees across European landscapes

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 628(8007), С. 355 - 358

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Abstract Sustainable agriculture requires balancing crop yields with the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, such as bees and other pollinators. Field studies demonstrated that agricultural use neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect wild bee species 1,2 , leading to restrictions these compounds 3 . However, besides neonicotinoids, field-based evidence landscape pesticide exposure is lacking. Bees encounter many in landscapes 4–9 this colony growth development any remains unknown. Here we show found bumble bee-collected pollen are associated reduced performance during bloom, especially simplified intensive practices. Our results from 316 Bombus terrestris colonies at 106 sites across eight European countries confirm regulatory system fails sufficiently prevent pesticide-related impacts even for a eusocial pollinator which size may buffer against 10,11 These findings support need postapproval monitoring both process protective limiting collateral environmental damage use.

Язык: Английский

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One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tackle this challenge the establishment of an overarching international science-policy body has recently been suggested. We strongly support initiative based on awareness that humanity already likely left safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including pollution. Immediate action is essential needs to be informed by sound scientific knowledge data compiled critically evaluated interface body. Major challenges such a are (i) foster global production exposure, impacts governance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe North America), (ii) cover entirety hazardous chemicals, mixtures wastes, (iii) follow one-health perspective considering risks posed chemicals waste ecosystem health, (iv) strive solution-oriented assessments systems thinking. Based multiple evidence urgent scale, we call scientists practitioners mobilize their networks intensify interaction with national governments negotiations intergovernmental explaining anticipated benefit health.

Язык: Английский

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Proposing new approaches for the risk characterisation of single chemicals and chemical mixtures: The source related Hazard Quotient (HQS) and Hazard Index (HIS) and the adversity specific Hazard Index (HIA)

Toxicology Reports, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6, С. 632 - 636

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

A hazard quotient (HQ) for a single chemical and the index (HI) mixture of chemicals were first described as approaches risk characterisation by EPA. HQ is defined ratio exposure to an appropriate reference dose such ADI. HI sum HQs in mixture. have been used characterise after various scenarios. However, both significant limitation way they are used. The accurate use or requires estimation aggregate exposure, that is, given chemical(s) from all possible relevant sources. In many studies, assessed assuming specific source as, consumption water food item, which concentration(s) measured. this case classic HQ/HI approach can result underestimation risk. For purpose, we developed alternative approach, named Source Related (HQs) where HQS interest respected values. According our HQS, before being compared dose, should be adjusted correction factor, order simulate aggregated exposure. factor calculated based on permitted contribution Another important ADIs do not correspond same critical effect. study, present analysis individual effects, derive effect adversity Hazard Index (HIA) whole

Язык: Английский

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Effects of single and combined toxic exposures on the gut microbiome: Current knowledge and future directions

Toxicology Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 312, С. 72 - 97

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Co-occurrence of geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants in groundwater from Rajasthan, India

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 688, С. 1216 - 1227

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Current EU regulatory requirements for the assessment of chemicals and cosmetic products: challenges and opportunities for introducing new approach methodologies

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 95(6), С. 1867 - 1897

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2021

Abstract The EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and other regulations, such as REACH Cosmetic Products Regulation advocate a change in way toxicity testing is conducted. Whilst bans animal altogether, aims progressive shift from vivo towards quantitative vitro computational approaches. Several endpoints can already be addressed using non-animal approaches including skin corrosion irritation, serious eye damage sensitisation, mutagenicity genotoxicity. However, systemic effects acute toxicity, repeated dose reproductive developmental evaluation chemicals under still heavily relies tests. Here we summarise current regulatory requirements human health assessment Regulation, considering more critical identifying main challenges introducing alternative methods into practice. This supports recent initiative taken by International Cooperation Alternative Test Methods (ICATM) to specific cosmetic products several health-related endpoints, with aim comparing different jurisdictions coordinating promotion ultimately implementation worldwide. Recent initiatives undertaken at European level promote 3Rs use practice are also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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