Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(7), С. 1328 - 1348

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2021

Abstract Urgent solutions to global climate change are needed. Ambitious tree‐planting initiatives, many already underway, aim sequester enormous quantities of carbon partly compensate for anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, which a major cause rising temperatures. However, tree planting that is poorly planned and executed could actually increase emissions have long‐term, deleterious impacts on biodiversity, landscapes livelihoods. Here, we highlight the main environmental risks large‐scale propose 10 golden rules, based some most recent ecological research, implement forest ecosystem restoration maximizes rates both sequestration biodiversity recovery while improving These as follows: (1) Protect existing first; (2) Work together (involving all stakeholders); (3) Aim maximize meet multiple goals; (4) Select appropriate areas restoration; (5) Use natural regeneration wherever possible; (6) species biodiversity; (7) resilient plant material (with genetic variability provenance); (8) Plan ahead infrastructure, capacity seed supply; (9) Learn by doing (using an adaptive management approach); (10) Make it pay (ensuring economic sustainability project). We focus design long‐term strategies tackle crises support livelihood needs. emphasize role local communities sources indigenous knowledge, benefits they derive from successful reforestation restores functioning delivers diverse range products services. While there no simple universal recipe restoration, crucial build upon currently growing public private interest in this topic, ensure interventions provide effective, sinks people.

Язык: Английский

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An overview of forest loss and restoration in the Brazilian Amazon

New Forests, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 52(1), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Abstract Forest restoration is a strategy to reverse forest loss and degradation. We overviewed deforestation in the period 1975–2018 Brazilian Amazon projects, techniques, scientific publications conducted recover area by 2019. used GIS assess systematic data collection gathered from 12 universities, five major environmental agencies, an ad-hoc bibliographic survey that rendered information 405 projects 152 published studies. The has undergone accelerated last 43 years, resulting 20% (788,353 km 2 ) of its territory deforested 2018. Deforestation rate was 27,033 yr −1 between 1975 1987 14,542 1988 2018 (1.97% 2018). In 2018, 41 Amazonian municipalities were classified as priority areas for monitoring control 21 additional deemed with controlled deforestation. Our identified 191 1950 2017. majority (229) these seedling planting main technique. based upon agroforestry systems (144), assisted natural regeneration (27), (5) also identified. Despite considerable number publications, region still lacks studies reinforce choice best practices restoration, currently available not enough quantify what already been recovered or potential be restored.

Язык: Английский

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Forest landscape restoration: state of play

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(12), С. 201218 - 201218

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020

Tree planting has been widely touted as an inexpensive way to meet multiple international environmental goals for mitigating climate change, reversing landscape degradation and restoring biodiversity restoration. The Bonn Challenge New York Declaration on Forests, motivated by widespread deforestation forest degradation, call 350 million ha 2030 relying restoration (FLR) processes. Because the 173 commitments made 63 nations, regions companies are not legally binding, expectations of what FLR means lacks consensus. frequent disconnect between top-level aspirations on-the-ground implementation results in limited data activities. Additionally, some countries have landscape-scale outside Challenge. We compared contrasted theory practice compiled information from databases projects initiatives case studies. present main happening across regional groups; many regions, potential need/opportunity exceeds activities underway. Multiple objectives can be met manipulating vegetation (increasing structural complexity, changing species composition natural disturbances). Livelihood interventions context-specific but include collecting or raising non-timber products, employment community forests; other address tenure governance.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges and opportunities for large-scale reforestation in the Eastern Amazon using native species

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 466, С. 118120 - 118120

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis on the effectiveness of soil translocation for plant community restoration

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60(4), С. 714 - 724

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2023

Abstract Many degraded ecosystems need active restoration to conserve biodiversity and re‐establish ecosystem function, both highlighted targets of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration proposed EU Nature law. Soil translocation, where plant propagules their associated soil biota are co‐introduced, has increasingly been as a powerful technique for terrestrial ecosystems. However, synthesis effectiveness this method across is lacking. To address how translocation affects success, we performed meta‐analysis synthesizing data from 46 field experiments respective reference in 17 countries four continents. In each experiment, vegetation composition was recorded response treatments resultant vegetational changes (diversity composition) were quantified. We found that leads community development further away control more towards communities compared with only introduced. variability effect sizes among large, suggesting strong dependence success context. likely loamy soils when implemented over larger spatial areas (>180 m 2 ). Furthermore, either consistently increased or decreased time depending experiment. Not congruent positive feedbacks between driving development, but it also suggests translocated communities, initial starting conditions, critical long‐term success. Synthesis applications . Our analysis highlights can be successful broad range its implementation needs depend thorough evaluation local conditions potential added value. Further refinement techniques needed increase rates.

Язык: Английский

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Measuring forest health at stand level: A multi-indicator evaluation for use in adaptive management and policy

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 150, С. 110225 - 110225

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Assessments of forest ecosystem health for use in adaptive management need an integrative multi-indicator examination at the stand scale. To assess health, we exained multiple indicators including diversity, age structure, regeneration, and edaphic factors dominant associated tree species their natural habitats. A stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to gather vegetation samples from five main types Zabarwan Mountain Range—Acacia (ACFT), Broad leaved (BLFT), Oak (OKFT), Pinus wallichiana (PWFT), Scrub (SRFT). The Pearson method canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were investigate relationship between factors. total 22 found, which 13 exotic 9 native. proportion highest OKFT (85%), followed by BLFT (75%), least (50%) SRFT. type had Shannon diversity while lowest ACFT have significantly higher indexes than other types. Based on density-girth class distribution, & SRFT showed Inverse-J distribution pattern, indicating a stable population structure. species, such as Populus alba BLFT, demonstrated comparatively no whereas Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana SRFT, PWFT, Quercus robur OKFT, Robinia pseudoacacia adequate regeneration performance. Overall pseudoacacia, Prunus cerasifera, Celtis australis, Ailanthus altissima high/sufficient average seedling/tree value all area 2.14, with (3.61) (0.71). In CCA it that forests greatly influenced salinity organic carbon, comparable habitat preferences mutually electrical conductance phosphorus availability. cerasifera only positively available calcium. By combining data numerous field-based into single integrated study, our research will give decision-makers update forest's current anticipated health.

Язык: Английский

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Direct seeding reduces the costs of tree planting for forest and savanna restoration

Ecological Engineering, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 148, С. 105788 - 105788

Опубликована: Март 19, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Grading of Scots Pine Seeds by the Seed Coat Color: How to Optimize the Engineering Parameters of the Mobile Optoelectronic Device

Inventions, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(1), С. 7 - 7

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2021

Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The each seed coat color class determined by the degree its separation with mobile optoelectronic grader. Background Objectives: Traditionally, pine are graded size, but this can lead to loss genetic diversity. Seed individual for caused low error identifying features seedling obtained from it. principle on which grader operates based optical signal detection reflected single seed. operate scientific (spectral band analysis) mode production feature grading) mode. When operating mode, it important determine optimal engineering parameters that provide maximum value seed-color classes. For purpose, run experiments was conducted using regression models output factors were obtained. Materials Methods: Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples cones 2019 harvest collected natural stand. study Design Experiments theory (DOE) Microsoft Excel platform. In three replications experiment matrix, mixture 100 light, dark light-dark fraction (n = 300) used. Results: Interpretation model visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows influence output—separation degree—is exerted angle incidence detecting beam. Next terms power paired interactions: combinations grader’s pipe height. minimum effect Conclusions: use will eliminate cost transporting centers. To achieve 0.97–1.0 colored fractions, necessary following grader: radiation 700 nm, beam 45° height 0.2 m.

Язык: Английский

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Moving biodiversity from an afterthought to a key outcome of forest restoration

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Loss and vulnerability of lowland forests in mainland Southeast Asia

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(1), С. 206 - 215

Опубликована: Май 15, 2020

Abstract Despite containing extraordinary levels of biodiversity, lowland (<200 m asl) tropical forests are extremely threatened globally. Southeast Asia is an area high species richness and endemicity under considerable anthropogenic threat with, unfortunately, scant focus on its forests. We estimated extent forest loss from 1998 to 2018, including inside protected areas determined the vulnerability this remaining forest. Maximum likelihood classification techniques were used classify Landsat images estimate cover in 2018. Bayesian belief networks with 20 variables evaluate that remained Analyses conducted at two spatial scales: landscape patch (analogous ecoregion) country level. Over years, >120,000 km 2 (50% present 1998) was lost. Of 14 patches, 6 lost >50% their area. At scale, Cambodia had greatest deforestation (>47,500 ). In 18% lowlands forested, 20% these some formal protection. Approximately 50% (c. 11,000 ) also during study period. Most highly vulnerable; eight patches categorized as such. Our results add a growing body evidence presence alone will not prevent further deforestation. suggest more collaborative conservation strategies local communities accommodate concessions specifically for urgently needed destruction valuable habitats.

Язык: Английский

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