Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60, С. 104732 - 104732
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Carbon-free
ammonia
and
hydrogen
have
various
disadvantages
when
used
individually,
which
limits
their
application
as
clean
energies.
These
can
be
effectively
overcome
by
combining
them
ammonia/hydrogen
mixtures
in
a
rational
manner.
In
this
paper,
the
combustion
of
oxygen
(the
basic
form
combustion)
is
experimentally
investigated
at
experimental
conditions.
The
results
display
that
laminar
burning
velocities
ammonia/hydrogen/oxygen
increase
with
increasing
fuel
ratios.
At
P0
=
0.5
atm
φ
1.0,
velocity
proliferated
from
1.91
m/s
to
4.7
ratio
2.0.
As
equivalence
increases,
rises
first
then
decreases,
highest
point
appearing
0.8.
initial
pressure
has
minimal
impact
on
velocity.
x
decreased
slightly
3.16
2.96
increased
0.1
1.0
atm.
empirical
correlation
among
versus
given,
under
varying
ratios
(0
%–100
%)
(0.5–1.5)
atmospheric
well
predicted
equations.
NO
most
emitted
NOx
substance
hydrogen/ammonia
combustion.
amount
produced
decreases
gradually
growing
ratio.
research
utilized
renew
flame
data
mixture
are
important
for
development
mixtures.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
50, С. 743 - 757
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023
In
view
of
the
strong
interest
in
adoption
hydrogen
as
an
alternative
fuel
for
internal
combustion
engines,
authors
present
results
experimental
activity
aimed
at
evaluating
effect
use
on
performance
and
emissions
a
heavy-duty
(HD)
spark
ignition
engine.
The
engine,
installed
test
bench
working
with
compressed
natural
gas
(CNG)
its
standard
version,
has
been
fed
blends
CNG
H2,
various
percentages
(15%
25%
H2
by
volume)
tested
steady-state
transient
driving
conditions.
analysis
steady
state
was
performed
two
modes:
same
barycentre
nitrogen
oxides
(NOx)
pure
case,
means
proper
advance
calibrations.
A
detailed
were
performed,
highlighting
coherent
response
engine
to
replacement
H2.
NOx
increment
tendency
is
easily
counteracted
reduced
SA
settings,
while
total
hydrocarbons
carbon
reduction
measured
when
burnt.
Consistent
dioxide
emission
mitigation
revealed,
mainly
conditions,
operated
ECU
calibration
case.
main
novelty
work
providing
in-depth
study
behaviour
addition
condition.
management
system
different
fuels
rapid
speed
torque
variations
occur,
evaluated.
this
sense,
offers
information
feasibility
hydro
methane
existing
architecture;
such
mixtures
can
represent,
next
future,
probable
option
oncoming
decarbonization
process.
Moreover,
new
insights
particle
burning
hydro-methane
are
presented.
engine-out
PN
along
cycle
revealed
correlation
between
spikes
specific
phases
trend
case
addition.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
55, С. 104072 - 104072
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024
In
this
study,
the
effect
of
start
injection
(SOI)
timing
is
investigated
on
a
single
cylinder
internal
combustion
engine
(ICE)
fueled
with
hydrogen,
using
Computational
Fluid
Dynamics
(CFD)
simulations.
Mixing
fields
and
behaviors
at
different
relative
air-fuel
ratios
(λ)
strategies
are
discussed.
Direct
(DI)
cases
three
SOI
timings
for
each
λ
compared
against
port-fuel
(PFI)
modeled
assuming
perfectly
premixed
charge
intake
plenum.
Results
show
that
PFI
=
2
3
have
very
high
efficiency
while
3.5
partial
burn
occurs
(only
70%
fuel
oxidized).
DI
cases,
decreases
to
corresponding
situations,
as
expected,
but
significant
improvements
obtained
by
advancing
towards
end
stroke.
addition,
early
tend
reduce
duration
initial
stage,
CA0-10,
which
correlates
ignition
repeatability,
therefore
suggesting
potential
benefits
stability
under
lean
conditions.
The
method
results
work
can
be
used
guideline
developing
efficient
hydrogen
strategies.
