Diverse carbon dioxide removal approaches could reduce impacts on the energy–water–land system

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 341 - 350

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(9), С. 2384 - 2398

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2023

Abstract The role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a ‘win‐win’ solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. opportunity may be too good missed! Yet the tremendous complexity two issues at stake calls for detailed nuanced examination any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re‐examine benefits global SOC strategies on mitigation production. While estimated contributions vary, almost none take saturation into account. show that including in estimations decreases contribution by 53%–81% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta‐analyses, found observed yield effects are inconsistent, ranging from negative neutral positive. We find promise win‐win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices applied under conditions. Therefore, argue existing knowledge base does not justify current trend set agendas focusing first foremost sequestration. Away climate‐smart soils , need shift soil‐smart agriculture adaptative adapted each local context, where multiple functions quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies sustainability maximised agronomic requirements security fulfilled. This implies moving away targets agricultural soils. occur along this pathway contribute should regarded co‐benefit.

Язык: Английский

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No detectable upper limit of mineral‐associated organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(16), С. 4662 - 4669

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2023

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a promising climate change mitigation option. In this context, the formation of relatively long‐lived mineral‐associated (MAOC) key. To date, soils are considered to be limited in their ability accumulate MAOC, mainly by amount clay and silt particles present. Using comprehensive German Agricultural Inventory, we selected 189 samples with wide range SOC (5–118 g kg −1 ) contents (30–770 test whether there detectable upper limit MAOC content. We found that proportion was surprisingly stable for under cropland grassland use across whole bulk contents. texture influenced slope relationship between but no observed any class. Also, C content fine fraction (g fraction) negatively correlated soil). Both findings challenge notion accumulation soil per se.

Язык: Английский

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Carbon sequestration in soils and climate change mitigation—Definitions and pitfalls

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Abstract The term carbon (C) sequestration has not just become a buzzword but is something of siren's call to scientific communicators and media outlets. Carbon the removal C from atmosphere storage, for example, in soil. It potential partially compensate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is, therefore, an important piece global climate change mitigation puzzle. However, often used misleadingly and, while likely unintentional, can lead perpetuation biased conclusions exaggerated expectations about its contribution efforts. Soils have considerable take up many are also state continuous loss. In such soils, measures build soil may only reduction losses (C loss mitigation) rather than result real negative emissions. examination 100 recent peer‐reviewed papers on topics surrounding C, 4% were found correctly. Furthermore, 13% equated with stocks. review, further, revealed that leading will always when non‐CO 2 gases leakage taken into consideration. This paper highlights pitfalls using incorrectly calls accurate usage this going forward. Revised new terms suggested distinguish clearly between SOC mitigation, emissions, accrual avoid miscommunication among scientists stakeholder groups future.

Язык: Английский

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Soil organic carbon stocks in European croplands and grasslands: How much have we lost in the past decade?

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

Abstract The EU Soil Strategy 2030 aims to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural land enhance health and support biodiversity as well offset greenhouse gas emissions through sequestration. Therefore, the quantification of current SOC stocks spatial identification main drivers changes is paramount preparation policies aimed at enhancing resilience systems EU. In this context, (Δ SOCs) for + UK between 2009 2018 were estimated by fitting a quantile generalized additive model (qGAM) on data obtained from revisited points Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) performed 2009, 2015 2018. analysis partial effects derived fitted qGAM shows that use change observed LUCAS campaigns (i.e. continuous grassland [GGG] or cropland [CCC], conversion (GGC GCC) vice versa [CGG CCG]) was one changes. CCC factor contributed lowest negative Δ with an effect −0.04 ± 0.01 g C kg −1 year , while GGG highest positive 0.49 0.02 . This confirms sequestration potential converting grassland. However, it important consider local environmental conditions may either diminish grassland's storage. UK, (2018) topsoil (0–20 cm) stock below 1000 m a.s.l 9.3 Gt, −0.75% period 2009–2018. losses concentrated central‐northern countries, marginal southeast.

Язык: Английский

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Cover crops do not increase soil organic carbon stocks as much as has been claimed: What is the way forward?

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(22), С. 6163 - 6169

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023

When compared to virgin land (forest and grassland), croplands store significantly lower amounts of organic carbon (OC), mainly as a result soil tillage, decreased plant inputs the over whole year. Doubts have been expressed how much reduced zero tillage agriculture can increase OC in soils when profile is considered. Consequently, cover-crops that are grown in-between crops instead leaving bare appear "last man standing" our quest enhance cropland stocks. Despite claim by numerous meta-analyses mean sequestration rate cover be high 0.32 ± 0.08 ton C ha-1 year-1 , present analysis showed all 37 existing field studies worldwide only sampled depth 30 cm or less did not compare treatments on basis equivalent mass. Thirteen presented information content stocks, had inappropriate controls (n = 14), durations 3 years 5), considered one two data points per treatment 4), used cash (i.e., longer crops) catch 2), which cases constitutes shortcomings. Of remaining six trials, four non-significant trends, study displayed negative impact crops, positive impact, resulting storage 0.03 . Models policies should urgently adapt such new figure. Finally, more done improve design cover-crop for reaching sound conclusions but also understand underlying reasons low efficiency improved into soils, with possible strategies being suggested.

Язык: Английский

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Ruminant livestock farmers and industry are leading innovation to deliver human nutrition and improved environmental outcomes through sector lifecycle collaboration: a review of case studies

Animal Frontiers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 55 - 71

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Earthworms as catalysts in the formation and stabilization of soil microbial necromass

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(16), С. 4775 - 4782

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

Microbial necromass is a central component of soil organic matter (SOM), whose management may be essential in mitigating atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change. Current consensus regards the magnitude microbial production to heavily dependent on carbon use efficiency microorganisms, which strongly influenced by quality inputs these organisms feed on. However, recent concepts neglect agents relevant many soils: earthworms. We argue that activity earthworms accelerates formation stabilized aggregates organo-mineral associations reduces relevance pre-existing this process. Earthworms achieve through creation transient hotspots (casts) characterized elevated contents bioavailable substrate efficient build-up quick turnover biomass, thus converting SOM not mineralized process into state more resistant against external disturbances, such as Promoting abundance may, therefore, considered strategies aim accelerate wide locations commonly formation.

Язык: Английский

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Biogeochemical constraints on climate change mitigation through regenerative farming

Biogeochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 161(1), С. 9 - 17

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying direct yield benefits of soil carbon increases from cover cropping

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(9), С. 1125 - 1134

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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