Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2022
Male
sex
determination
in
mammals
is
initiated
by
SRY,
a
Y-encoded
transcription
factor.
The
protein
contains
high-mobility-group
(HMG)
box
mediating
sequence-specific
DNA
bending.
Mutations
causing
XY
gonadal
dysgenesis
(Swyer
syndrome)
cluster
the
and
ordinarily
arise
de
novo
.
Rare
inherited
variants
lead
to
male
development
one
genetic
background
(the
father)
but
not
another
(his
sterile
daughter).
De
mutations
occur
at
an
invariant
Tyr
adjoining
motif’s
basic
tail
(box
position
72;
Y127
SRY).
In
SRY-responsive
cell
lines
CH34
LNCaP,
Y127H
Y127C
reduced
SRY
activity
(as
assessed
transcriptional
activation
of
principal
target
gene
Sox9
)
5-
8-fold,
respectively.
Whereas
impaired
testis-specific
enhancer
assembly,
caused
accelerated
proteasomal
proteolysis;
was
part
rescued
proteasome
inhibition.
Inherited
variant
Y127F
better
tolerated:
its
expression
unperturbed,
only
twofold,
threshold
similar
other
variants.
Biochemical
studies
wild-type
(WT)
HMG
boxes
demonstrated
specific
affinities
(within
twofold
range),
with
subtle
differences
sharp
bending
as
probed
permutation
gel
electrophoresis
fluorescence
resonance-energy
transfer
(FRET);
thermodynamic
stabilities
free
were
essentially
identical.
Such
modest
perturbations
are
within
range
species
variation.
our
cell-based
findings
rationalize
genotype-phenotype
relationships,
molecular
understanding
mutation
remains
elusive.
Our
companion
study
uncovers
cryptic
biophysical
suggesting
that
para
-OH
group
anchors
novel
water-mediated
clamp.
Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
380(6647), С. 855 - 859
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
The
high
levels
of
biodiversity
supported
by
mountains
suggest
a
possible
link
between
geologic
processes
and
biological
evolution.
Freshwater
is
not
only
in
tectonically
active
settings
but
also
quiescent
montane
regions
such
as
the
Appalachian
Mountains.
We
show
that
erosion
through
different
rock
types
drove
allopatric
divergence
lineages
Greenfin
Darter
(Nothonotus
chlorobranchius),
fish
species
endemic
to
rivers
draining
metamorphic
rocks
Tennessee
River
basin
United
States.
In
past,
preferred
N.
chlorobranchius
was
more
widespread,
exposed
other
types,
this
were
progressively
isolated
tributaries
farther
upstream,
where
remained.
Our
results
mechanism
for
initiating
diversification
long
after
tectonic
activity
ceases.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(7)
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023
The
birth-death
model
is
commonly
used
to
infer
speciation
and
extinction
rates
by
fitting
the
phylogenetic
trees
with
exclusively
extant
taxa.
Recently,
it
was
demonstrated
that
are
not
identifiable
if
allowed
vary
freely
over
time.
group
of
models
have
same
likelihood
called
a
congruence
class,
there
no
statistical
evidence
favor
one
other.
This
issue
has
led
researchers
question
what
patterns
can
reliably
be
inferred
from
phylogenies
only
taxa
whether
time-variable
should
fitted
at
all.
We
explore
class
in
context
several
empirical
as
well
hypothetical
scenarios.
For
these
phylogenies,
we
assume
true
class.
Thus,
our
conclusions
apply
any
phylogeny
for
which
robustly
When
summarize
shared
show
strong
directional
trends
among
most
models.
Therefore,
conclude
inference
robust.
Conversely,
estimates
constant
or
gentle
slopes
robust
must
treated
caution.
Interestingly,
space
valid
narrower
more
limited
contrast
rates,
less
constrained.
These
results
provide
further
insights
estimated
than
rates.
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
51(1), С. 419 - 446
Опубликована: Май 31, 2023
The
Amazon
hosts
one
of
the
largest
and
richest
rainforests
in
world,
but
its
origins
remain
debated.
Growing
evidence
suggests
that
geodiversity
geological
history
played
essential
roles
shaping
Amazonian
flora.
Here
we
summarize
geo-climatic
review
paleopalynological
records
time-calibrated
phylogenies
to
evaluate
response
plants
environmental
change.
Neogene
fossil
record
major
sequential
changes
plant
composition
an
overall
decline
diversity.
Phylogenies
eight
clades
paint
a
mixed
picture,
with
diversification
most
groups
best
explained
by
constant
speciation
rates
through
time,
while
others
indicate
clade-specific
increases
or
decreases
correlated
climatic
cooling
increasing
Andean
elevation.
Overall,
forest
seems
represent
museum
diversity
high
potential
for
biological
time.
To
fully
understand
how
got
modern
biodiversity,
further
multidisciplinary
studies
conducted
within
multimillion-year
perspective
are
needed.
▪The
rainforest
goes
back
beginning
Cenozoic
(66
Ma)
was
driven
climate
forces.▪In
early
(23–13.8
Ma),
large
wetland
developed
episodic
estuarine
conditions
vegetation
ranging
from
mangroves
terra
firme
forest.▪In
late
(13.8–2.6
changed
into
fluvial
landscape
less
diverse
more
open
forest,
although
details
this
transition
be
resolved.▪These
have
left
imprints
on
can
recovered
dated
phylogenetic
trees.▪Amazonian
show
distinct
responses
changes,
suggesting
Amazonia
is
both
refuge
cradle
biodiversity.
Journal of Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
51(5), С. 878 - 893
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Abstract
Aim
The
widespread
megadiverse
Neotropical
snake
family
Dipsadidae
occurs
in
a
large
range
of
diverse
habitats.
Therefore,
it
represents
an
excellent
model
to
study
the
diversification
biota.
Herein,
by
generating
time‐calibrated
species‐level
phylogeny,
we
investigate
origin
and
historical
biogeography
test
if
its
two
main
subfamilies,
Xenodontinae
Dipsadinae,
have
different
geographical
origins.
Location
region.
Taxon
(Serpentes).
Methods
We
generated
new
Bayesian
phylogeny
based
on
published
sequences
from
six
genes
for
344
species,
including
287
species
Dipsadidae.
subsequently
estimated
ancestral
areas
distribution
comparing
models
BioGeoBEARS:
DEC
(subset
sympatry,
narrow
vicariance),
DIVALIKE
(narrow
wide
BAYAREALIKE
(no
vicariance
sympatry),
also
testing
jump
dispersal.
shifts
this
group
using
BAMM,
exploring
possible
relationships
with
biogeography.
Results
best
show
that
likely
originated
approximately
50
million
years
ago
(mya)
Asia.
Dispersal
was
fundamental
process
dispersal
indicated
underwent
extension
Asia
posterior
North
Central
America
ancestors.
Both
Dipsadinae
dispersed
South
during
Middle
Eocene,
but
did
so
regions
(cis
trans‐Andean
America,
respectively).
entered
cis‐Andean
around
39
mya
West
Indies
33
mya,
while
multiple
times
20–38
mya.
rate
decreased
through
time,
except
clade
within
composed
Dipsadini
tribe
Atractus
Geophis
genera.
Main
Conclusions
Our
results
has
Asian
subfamilies
later
dispersing
time
periods.
This
difference
is
reflected
higher
‘goo‐eaters’
subfamily.
current
biogeographical
patterns
Dipsadidae,
most
species‐rich
world,
been
shaped
complex
evolutionary
geological
processes
such
as
Eocene
land
bridges,
Andean
uplift
formation
Panama
isthmus.
Ecological Indicators,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
144, С. 109419 - 109419
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022
Understanding
species
distribution,
genetic
diversification
and
evolutionary
history
is
extremely
important
for
mountainous
regions
with
a
high
diversity
of
endemic
species,
which
are
particularly
sensitive
to
climate
change.
In
this
study,
we
use
environmental
molecular
data
obtained
from
genome-wide
analyses
infer
the
variability,
demographic
processes,
response
cold-adapted,
geographical-vicariants
Stipa
gracilis
(distributed
in
Tian
Shan
Mts)
S.
zeravshanica
western
Pamir-Alai
Quaternary
climatic
oscillations
Central
Asian
mountain
biodiversity
hotspot.
Genomic-based
reconstructions
indicate
that
examined
endemics
presented
larger
effective
population
sizes
during
Last
Glacial
Maximum
(LGM)
period
experienced
parallel
declines
afterward.
The
results
fastSTRUCTURE
analysis
revealed
three
clusters
within
populations
two
zeravshanica.
past
distribution
models
reveals
glacial
connectivity
both
resulting
detection
an
admixture
genes
specimens
westernmost
'Alaian'
gracilis.
Although
occurrence
closely
associated
calcareous
rocks,
differences
ranges
distributions
depend
mostly
on
factors,
especially
temperature
precipitation.
wider
realized
ecological
niche
allows
it
better
adapt
global
warming
potentially
extend
its
range
future,
while
zeravshanica,
narrower
niche,
more
susceptible
changes
at
risk
extinction.
findings
will
contribute
understanding
factors
shaping
differentiation
provide
theoretical
basis
their
conservation
by
identifying
areas
change
hotspots.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(52)
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
Simultaneously
investigating
the
effects
of
abiotic
and
biotic
factors
on
diversity
dynamics
is
essential
to
understand
evolutionary
history
clades.
The
Grande
Coupure
corresponds
a
major
faunal
turnover
at
Eocene–Oligocene
transition
(EOT)
(~34.1
33.55
Mya)
defined
in
western
Europe
as
an
extinction
insular
European
mammals
coupled
with
arrival
crown
clades
from
Asia.
Here,
we
focused
species-rich
group
endemic
artiodactyls
determine
drivers
during
environmental
disruptions
EOT.
Using
Bayesian
birth–death
models,
analyzed
original
high-resolution
fossil
dataset
(90
species,
>2,100
occurrences)
southwestern
France
(Quercy
area)
estimated
regional
diversification
immigrant
artiodactyls.
We
show
that
artiodactyl
radiation
was
mainly
related
Eocene
tropical
conditions,
combined
controls
speciation
clade-related
dependence.
further
highlight
changes
(77%
species
became
extinct)
concurrent
increase
seasonality
Oligocene
were
likely
main
their
decline.
Surprisingly,
our
results
do
not
support
widely-held
hypothesis
active
competition
between
but
rather
suggest
passive
or
opportunistic
replacement
by
immigrants,
which
supported
morphological
clustering
specific
ecological
traits
across
Eocene-Oligocene
transition.
Our
analyses
provide
insights
into
processes
driving
decline
mammalian
biological
climatic
crisis.
Journal of Systematics and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Abstract
The
Himalayas
represent
a
complex
mountain
system
housing
some
of
the
world's
richest
floras
along
with
high
level
endemism.
Among
them,
Lysionotus
(Gesneriaceae)
stands
out
as
small
genus
(~34
species)
that
is
unexpectedly
distributed
across
southern
to
eastern
Asia.
Within
this
genus,
forests
south
Pan‐Himalaya
region
emerge
hotspot
diversity,
hosting
most
epiphytic
and
endemic
species.
To
explore
origin,
evolutionary
history
development
current
distribution
pattern
,
we
inferred
highly
resolved
phylogenetic
framework
using
649
nuclear
genes
sourced
from
transcriptomes
for
27
We
revealed
three
major
clades
within
strong
support,
corresponding
genus's
classification
into
sections
(sects.
Didymocarpoides
Cyathocalyx
)
based
on
morphological
characters.
Molecular
dating
suggests
likely
have
originated
in
karst
regions
northern
Vietnam
southwestern
China
during
middle
Oligocene
(28.18
Ma),
then
migrated
westward
Himalaya
Miocene.
speciation
rates
were
be
positively
linked
changes
East
Asian
monsoons
past
temperatures.
Notably,
species
sect.
began
colonizing
tropical
subtropical
around
mid‐Miocene
Climatic
Optimum,
coinciding
transition
long
seed
appendages.
Our
findings
support
formation
Himalaya,
paleo‐climate
innovations,
which
probably
facilitated
evolution
expansion
spatial
.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025
Abstract
As
a
major
abiotic
factor,
climate
change
is
expected
to
profoundly
alter
biological
communities.
On
this
basis,
identifying
how
past
temperature
variations
affected
species
diversification
and
distribution
can
help
predict
the
effects
of
ongoing
change.
In
study,
we
focused
on
harvester
ant
genus
Messor
which
mostly
adapted
dry
environments
dominated
by
seed-producing
plants.
The
phylogenetic
analysis
2,524
markers
obtained
from
58
species/subspecies,
supports
their
emergence
in
Irano-Indian
area
approximately
20
Mya.
Phylogenetic
relationships
uncovered
study
enabled
us
redefine
historical
taxonomic
groups,
providing
solid
basis
for
future
revisions
that
encompass
entire
diversity.
Their
appears
be
temperature,
with
higher
speciation
rate
during
warmer
periods.
This
confirms
ecological
specialization
makes
them
strongly
dependent
thermal
conditions.
Our
results
highlight
importance
factors
processes,
especially
highly
specialized
may
exhibit
predictable
evolutionary
responses
changes.