Modulating Nitric Oxide: Implications for Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotection

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 504 - 504

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Despite the significant progress in fields of biology, physiology, molecular medicine, and pharmacology; designation properties nitrogen monoxide regulation life-supporting functions organism; numerous works devoted to this molecule, there are still many open questions field. It is widely accepted that nitric oxide (•NO) a unique molecule that, despite its extremely simple structure, has wide range body, including cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), reproduction, endocrine respiration, digestion, etc. Here, we systematize •NO, contributing conditions physiological norms, as well various pathological processes, mechanisms cytoprotection cytodestruction. Current experimental clinical studies contradictory describing role •NO pathogenesis diseases CNS. We describe cytoprotective action associated with expression antiapoptotic chaperone proteins mitochondrial function. The most prominent cytodestruction—the initiation nitrosative oxidative stresses, production reactive oxygen species, participation apoptosis mitosis. formation endothelial dysfunction also considered. Moreover, focus on ways pharmacological modulation nitroxidergic allow for decrease cytodestructive increase ones.

Язык: Английский

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Integrins in Cardiovascular Health and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 233 - 233

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure, remain the leading cause of global mortality, with endothelial dysfunction vascular remodeling as critical contributors. Integrins, transmembrane adhesion proteins, are central regulators cell adhesion, migration, signaling, playing a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis mediating pathological processes such inflammation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling. This article comprehensively examines integrins pathogenesis cardiovascular focusing on their cells interactions inflammatory mediators, TNF-α. Molecular mechanisms integrin action discussed, involvement mechanotransduction, leukocyte signaling pathways that regulate integrity. The review also highlights experimental findings, use specific integrin-targeting plasmids immunofluorescence to elucidate functions under conditions. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies explored, development inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, application regenerative medicine. These approaches aim not only mitigate but promote tissue repair angiogenesis. By bridging insights from molecular studies translational potential, this work underscores promise integrin-based therapies advancing management treatment diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Nephropathy Complications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(17), С. 13541 - 13541

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

The present study aimed to investigate and compare biomarkers of oxidative stress the activity antioxidant enzymes in plasma patients with different stages diabetic nephropathy. For this purpose, we studied (1) levels reactive oxygen species nitrogen as parameters, (2) lipid protein oxidation, (3) enzymes, (4) cytokine production. Patients type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according loss renal function: compensated normal function DMT2N0 measured an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, a group decompensated complication nephropathy mild-to-moderate DMT2N1 (eGFR < 60 m2: 59-45 m2), moderate-to-severe DMT2N2 > 30 30-44 m2). All results compared healthy volunteers. showed that had significantly higher ROS, production, end products oxidation Furthermore, depleted nitric oxide (NO), impaired NO synthase (NOS) system, reduced enzyme (p 0.05). These findings suggest are unable compensate for stress. decreased radicals advanced complications may be attributed damage availability plasma. highlights compromised status contributing factor mellitus. have implications understanding pathogenesis role chronic inflammation its development. assessment inflammatory aid early detection prediction complications.

Язык: Английский

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Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells as a Versatile Cellular Model System in Diverse Experimental Paradigms: An Ultrastructural Perspective

Microscopy and Microanalysis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3), С. 419 - 439

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are primary isolated from the of an cord, extensively used in cardiovascular studies and medical research. These cells, retaining characteristics vivo, serve as a valuable cellular model system for understanding vascular biology, dysfunction, pathophysiology diseases such atherosclerosis, responses to different drugs or treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been cornerstone revealing detailed architecture multiple systems including HUVECs, allowing researchers visualize subcellular organelles, membrane structures, cytoskeletal elements. Among them, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleus can be meticulously examined recognize alterations indicative various stimuli. Importantly, Weibel–Palade bodies characteristic secretory organelles found which easily distinguished TEM. distinctive structures also dynamically react factors through regulated exocytosis, resulting complete selective release their contents. This review summarizes ultrastructural features HUVECs highlights utility TEM pivotal tool analyzing diverse research frameworks, contributing insights into comprehension HUVEC behavior enriching our knowledge complexity biology.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Antioxidants: Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Diseases

Compounds, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(3), С. 479 - 502

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem. The mortality associated with them is one of the highest. Essentially, CVDs occur when heart or blood vessels damaged. Oxidative stress an imbalance between production reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses. Increased can cause cardiac vascular injuries, leading to CVDs. Antioxidant therapy has been shown have beneficial effects on Plants rich source bioactive antioxidants our planet. Several classes these compounds identified. Among them, carotenoids phenolic most potent antioxidants. This review summarizes role some (a/β-carotene, lycopene lutein), polyphenols such as acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic chlorogenic acids), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol epigallocatechin gallate), hydroxytyrosol in mitigating by studying their biological mechanisms. Through detailed analysis, we aim provide deeper understanding how natural be integrated into cardiovascular strategies help reduce overall burden CVD.

Язык: Английский

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Anti TNF-Alpha Treatment Improves Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(18), С. 9925 - 9925

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive investigation, which allows for the study of microvasculature (anatomical and functional). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with high risk cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases, endothelial dysfunction (macrovascular microvascular) representing first step in atherosclerosis development. The aim this represented by assessment microvascular RA patients means nailfold to assess its evolution after period 12 months anti TNF-alpha treatment. included 70 consecutive healthy subjects, matched age gender, as control group. factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, serum TNF-α, C reactive protein, erythrocytes sedimentation rate were evaluated all patients, but controls, only rheumatoid measured. activity was measured DAS28. carried out determining baseline capillary density (Db), during hyperemia (Dh), venous congestion (Dc). Data presented mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis performed using ANOVA Pearson’s correlation, p < 0.05 being statistically significant. Db, Dh, Dc lower than controls (p 0.0001), correlating TNF-α 0.05). After treatment, improved 0.0001). Microvascular can be assessed capillaroscopy, medication contributing improvement.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(6), С. 2847 - 2859

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract The present systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches PubMed, ISI Web Science, Scopus databases up May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) pooled utilizing a random‐effects model. A total eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, included in analysis. demonstrated statistically significant augmentation flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; CI: 1.29, 4.20; I 2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared placebo group. Furthermore, linear analysis indicated that each increment 200 mg/d led an increase 1.09% FMD (95% 0.70, 1.48; 94.5%; 0.001). findings nonlinear also revealed relationship between ( P non‐linearity 0.903, <0.001). Our suggest enhances However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations different populations are warranted establish precise conclusions.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin alleviates myocardial dysfunction through inhibition of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition via the NF‐κB pathway

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 76(4)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process of cellular transdifferentiation by which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties, leading to cardiovascular remodeling complications in the adult diseases environment. Melatonin involved numerous physiological pathological processes, including aging, has anti-inflammatory antioxidant activities. This molecule an effective therapeutic candidate for preventing oxidative stress, regulating function, maintaining EndMT balance provide protection. Although recent studies have documented improved cardiac function melatonin, mechanism action melatonin on remains unclear. The present study investigated effects induced transforming growth factor-β2/interleukin-1β both vivo vitro models. results revealed that reduced migratory ability reactive oxygen species levels ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction vitro. Our findings indicate prevents inhibits activating related pathways, nuclear factor kappa B Smad. We also demonstrated this plays crucial role restoring ischemic myocardial condition, vessel organoids infarction (MI) animal In conclusion, promising agent attenuates EC ameliorates damage compromising after MI.

Язык: Английский

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Association of over-the-counter mouthwash use with markers of nitric oxide metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function—a cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Oral Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Regular use of mouthwash can disrupt nitrate reduction by oral bacteria and may affect systemic nitric oxide (NO) levels, which are important for inflammation endothelial function. We aim to assess the association between over-the-counter (OTC) nitrate/nitrite, markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP) function (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) in serum saliva, relationship nitrate/nitrite levels these biomarkers, as well how OTC modulated this relationship. hypothesize that nitrates/nitrites associated with their associations would vary frequency use. Our cross-sectional study used data specimen from baseline San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study (SOALS). Robust Gamma regression log-link function, Spearman correlations partial adjusted covariates were analysis. Using twice a day or more was significantly lower nitrite compared less frequent (β = -0.357, 95% CI: -0.650, -0.064), but not other Mouthwash differentially impacted sICAM-1 sVCAM-1. Specifically, participants who than no use, TNF-α -0.35, -0.52, -0.18), -0.21, -0.32, -0.09) negatively nitrite. In positively 3.36, 2.07, 4.65), salivary 1.04, 0.39, 1.69) 0.48, 0.25, 0.71); 1.58, 0.86, 2.29). both subgroups users, sVCAM-1 correlated nitrate. addition, frequently (ρ_S 0.18, p 0.045). oxide. This raises concerns about its potential effects on inflammatory biomarkers cardiometabolic diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Dermatological assessment: history-taking and examination

Practice Nursing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(2), С. 51 - 60

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025

Nurses of all disciplines will find dermatological complaints one the most common presentations in their practice. This article looks at effective techniques when assessing conditions. Skin problems are common, affecting up to one-third population during lifetime, and they frequently encountered by advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) both primary secondary care settings. Despite prevalence presentations, ACPs often feel unprepared conduct a thorough history examination. aims provide guidance trainees qualified ACPs, whether acute hospital settings or care, perform assessments examinations systematically. is first two-part series on assessment.

Язык: Английский

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