The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of urogenital tumors: a review insights from phase 2 and 3 studies

Cell Death and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Abstract With the high incidence of urogenital tumors worldwide, urinary system are among top 10 most common in men, with prostate cancer ranking first and bladder fourth. Patients resistant often have poor prognosis. In recent years, researchers discovered numerous specific antigens, which has led to development several new anti-cancer drugs. Using protein analysis techniques, developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) antibody-conjugated drugs (ADCs) for treatment advanced tumors. However, tumor resistance leads failure monotherapy. Therefore, clinical trials combination ICIs ADCs been carried out centers around world. This article reviewed phase 2 3 studies ICIs, ADCs, their highlight safe effective methods selecting individualized therapeutic strategies patients. activate system, whereas link monoclonal antibodies toxins, can achieve a synergistic effect when two combined. provides multiple advantages

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptomic and proteo-metabolic determinants of the grading system in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Urologic Oncology Seminars and Original Investigations, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Precision Medicine in Bladder Cancer: Present Challenges and Future Directions

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5), С. 756 - 756

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023

Bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by significant histopathologic and molecular heterogeneity. The discovery of pathways knowledge cellular mechanisms have grown exponentially may allow for better disease classification, prognostication, development novel more efficacious noninvasive detection surveillance strategies, as well selection therapeutic targets, which can be used in BC, particularly a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. This article outlines recent advances the pathology BC with understanding deeper focus on deployment promising biomarkers avenues that soon make transition into domain precision medicine clinical management patients BC.

Язык: Английский

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Global real-world experiences with pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based chemotherapy: the ARON-2 study

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed previous treatment paradigm of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). The ARON-2 study (NCT05290038) aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness pembrolizumab in patients recurred or progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Medical records with documented metastatic UC treated by as second-line therapy were retrospectively collected from 88 institutions 23 countries. assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free (PFS) response rate (ORR). Cox proportional hazards models adopted explore presence prognostic factors. Results In total, 836 included: 544 (65%) received progression first-line chemotherapy setting (cohort A) 292 (35%) recurring within < 12 months since completion adjuvant neoadjuvant B). median follow-up time was 15.3 months. OS ORR 10.5 31% population, 9.1 29% cohort A 14.6 37% B. At multivariate analysis, ECOG-PS ≥ 2, bone metastases, liver metastases vs B) proved be significantly associated worst PFS. Stratified 0, 1–2 3–4 factors, 29.4, 12.5 4.1 ( p 0.001), while PFS 12.2, 6.4 2.8 months, respectively 0.001). Conclusions Our confirms that is effective context, showing outcome differences between

Язык: Английский

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Role of renal mass biopsy for diagnosis and management: Review of current trends and future directions

Cancer Cytopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131(8), С. 480 - 494

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract The frequency of detection renal masses has increased over recent decades, causing a concurrent increase in early intervention by surgery. Growing recognition that this approach was contributing to overtreatment led the broader use preoperative mass biopsy (RMB) core and/or fine‐needle aspiration. Because more options for management, such as active surveillance and personalized therapy, are becoming increasingly available, diagnosis RMB is valuable tool risk stratification clinical decision making. Guidelines from various professional organizations have outlined situations which should be used, it been shown safe effective. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) using touch preparations or aspiration smears provides an immediate assessment adequacy appropriate triage. ROSE also ensures sufficient material perform immunohistochemistry molecular studies accurate characterization treatment. integral role cytopathology laboratories precision medicine can successfully used optimizing workup final diagnosis, prognostication, management kidney tumors. Herein, authors review their extensive experience working together with interventional radiology urology colleagues at time these lesions.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying and validating MMP family members (MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP16) as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC)

Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(4), С. 737 - 752

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) is a malignant tumor that carries substantial risk of morbidity and mortality. The MMP family assumes crucial role in invasion metastasis. This study aimed to uncover the mechanistic relevance gene as therapeutic target diagnostic biomarker through comprehensive approach encompassing both computational molecular analyses. STRING, Cytoscape, UALCAN, GEPIA, OncoDB, HPA, cBioPortal, GSEA, TIMER, ENCORI, DrugBank, targeted bisulfite sequencing (bisulfite-seq), conventional PCR, Sanger sequencing, RT-qPCR based analyses were used present analyze members accurately determine few hub genes can be utilized targets biomarkers for KIRC. By performing STRING Cytohubba 24 members, MMP2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2), MMP9 9), MMP12 12), MMP16 16) denoted having highest degree scores. After analyzing MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, via various TCGA databases technique across clinical samples KIRC cell lines, interestingly, all these found significantly overexpressed at mRNA protein levels relative controls. notable effect up-regulated was also documented on overall survival (OS) patients. Moreover, bisulfite-sequencing (bisulfite-seq) analysis revealed promoter hypomethylation pattern associated with up-regulation (MMP2, MMP16). In addition this, involved diverse oncogenic pathways. MMP16) may serve prognostic

Язык: Английский

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Automatic Characterization of Prostate Suspect Lesions on T2-Weighted Image Acquisitions Using Texture Features and Machine-Learning Methods: A Pilot Study

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 106 - 106

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent neoplasia in male population. According to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), PCa can be divided into two major groups, based on their prognosis and treatment options. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) holds a central role assessment; however, it does not have one-to-one correspondence with histopathological grading tumors. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms textural analysis, subdivision radiomics, shown potential bridging this gap. Objectives: We aimed develop machine-learning algorithm that predicts ISUP grade manually contoured prostate nodules T2-weighted images classifies them clinically significant indolent ones. Materials Methods: included 55 patients 76 lesions. All were examined same 1.5 Tesla mpMRI scanner. Each nodule was segmented using open-source 3D Slicer platform, features extracted PyRadiomics (version 3.0.1) library. The software classifiers. accuracy calculated precision, recall, F1 scores. Results: median age study group 64 years (IQR 61–68), mean PSA value 11.14 ng/mL. A total 85.52% graded PI-RADS 4 or higher. Overall, classified PCas an 87.2%. Further, when trained differentiate each group, 80.3%. Conclusions: developed AI-based decision-support system accurately differentiates between prognostic groups only T2 MRI acquisitions by employing radiomics robust architecture.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of incidental prostate acinar adenocarcinoma: a single-center retrospective study

The European Research Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(2), С. 319 - 327

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Objective: Our study was conducted in a single center to evaluate the characteristics of prostate acinar adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective archive search between January 1, 2018 and September 2024, 900 transurethral resection (TUR) 127 open prostatectomy materials were examined. total 43 TUR 9 found have prostatic Results: The ages patients 51-90. Gleason scores ranged from 3+3:6 5+5:10. In immunohistochemical analyses, Alpha methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) positivity p63 negativity prominent as characteristic findings. Lymphovascular invasion rarely observed, while perineural detected more frequently. Conclusions: importance histopathological features determining diagnostic prognostic factors adenocarcinoma investigated our study. This may contribute literature on cancer treatment strategies provide contributions for future research.

Язык: Английский

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Harnessing Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Based Detection Toolbox for Diagnostics of Urogenital Tumors

Aggregate, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Urogenital system tumors include prostate cancer, bladder ovarian and other very common solid tumor diseases with high morbidity mortality. The unique physiological anatomical features of the urogenital render it particularly amenable to application tissue imaging techniques for diagnostic purposes. advancement aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials has addressed limitations associated conventional fluorescent that are prone aggregation‐caused quenching. This facilitated development innovative AIE characterized by enhanced photostability, an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio, improved quality. article reviews research progress biosensors in diagnosis tumors. It mainly involves biomarker vitro fluorescence such as uterine which based on biosensors. In addition, a comprehensive description biosensors’ synthesis strategies is provided. includes detailed elucidation platforms intracellular mechanisms basic principles AIE, accompanied presentation quantitative analysis cell results. limitations, challenges suggestions field summarized, prospect prospected. tumors, also provides catalyst exploring characteristics its wide disease diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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Concomitant medications in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving enfortumab vedotin: real-world data from the ARON-2EV study

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) are typically elderly and often have other comorbidities that require the use of concomitant medications. In our study we evaluated association antibiotics (ATBs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), corticosteroids, statins, metformin insulin patient outcomes validated prognostic role a drug score in mUC patients treated enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy. Data from 436 enrolled ARON-2EV retrospective were analyzed according to medications used at baseline. Finally, stratified into three risk groups based on ATBs, corticosteroids PPIs. Statistical analysis involved Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank univariate/multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. Inferior survival observed ATB users compared non-users (OS: 7.3 months, 95%CI 5.0 - 12.3 vs 13.7 12.2 47.3, p = 0.001; PFS: 5.1 months 3.3 17.7 8.3 7.1 0.001) also corticosteroid 8.4 6.6 10.0 14.2 12.7 < 6.0 4.6 7.9 8.9 7.2 0.004). multivariate analysis, was significant factor predicting both OS (HR 1.32 [95% CI 1.03 1.68], 0.026) PFS 1.23 1.01 1.51], 0.044). Our findings suggest detrimental impact ATBs utility previously receiving EV.

Язык: Английский

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