The importance of the gut microbiome and its signals for a healthy nervous system and the multifaceted mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Increasing evidence links the gut microbiome and nervous system in health disease. This narrative review discusses current views on interaction between microbiota, intestinal epithelium, brain, provides an overview of communication routes signals bidirectional interactions microbiota including circulatory, immunological, neuroanatomical, neuroendocrine pathways. Similarities differences healthy humans mice exist that are relevant for translational gap non-human model systems patients. There is increasing spectrum metabolites neurotransmitters released and/or modulated by both homeostatic pathological conditions. Dysbiotic disruptions occur as consequences critical illnesses such cancer, cardiovascular chronic kidney disease but also neurological, mental, pain disorders, well ischemic traumatic brain injury. Changes (dysbiosis) a concomitant imbalance release mediators may be cause or consequence diseases central increasingly emerging to disruption physiological function, alterations nutrition intake, exposure hypoxic conditions others, observed disorders. Despite generally accepted importance microbiome, not fully understood. Elucidating these signaling pathways more detail offers novel mechanistic insight into pathophysiology multifaceted aspects

Язык: Английский

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Selenium Broussonetia papyrifera polysaccharide alleviated cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression, growth inhibition, intestinal damage, and gut microbiota disorder in yellow-feather broilers.

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 104(4), С. 104907 - 104907

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

This study aims to investigate the effects of selenium Broussonetia papyrifera polysaccharide (Se-BPP) on growth performance, immune regulation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed chicks. A total 120 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), model (MC), low-dose Se-BPP (Se-L), high-dose (Se-H), Astragalus (APS) The Se-L Se-H groups supplemented with 0.1 % or 0.2 Se-BPP, respectively, while APS was APS. On days 22, 24, 26, NC received intramuscular injections 80 mg/kg saline, other same dose CTX induce immunosuppression results showed that caused retardation, immunosuppression, damage, alterations structure. Supplementation improved average daily gain reduced feed-to-gain ratio, promoting increased organ index serum content IgG, IgM, IgA, SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, thus alleviating oxidative stress by CTX. Additionally, enhanced mRNA expression levels ZO-1, Claudin 1, MUC2 villus height jejunum, effectively mitigating damage induced Although effect alpha diversity not significant, it abundance beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus Lactobacillus. In brief, this demonstrated adding diet could improve disturbances yellow-feather broiler chickens challenged CTX, enhancing their production performance.

Язык: Английский

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Structure–function relationship of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida laminaran: Protein kinase C-mediated mucus secretion and gut barrier restoration

Carbohydrate Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 123525 - 123525

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Understanding How Pre- and Probiotics Affect the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Health

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 327(1), С. E89 - E102

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics probiotics are pivotal in regulating microbiota composition. nourish beneficial bacteria promote their growth, whereas help maintain balance within microbiome. This intricate extends several aspects health, including integrity barrier, responses, producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbiota, has been linked disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease. Impaired barrier function, endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation associated with toll-like receptors proinflammatory pathways. Short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation modulate anti-inflammatory system positively influence probiotics, especially Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium strains, may improve outcomes, glycemic control diabetes. It important consider strain-specific effects study variability when interpreting these findings, highlighting need further research optimize therapeutic potential. aim this report therefore review role prebiotics on microbiome role, integrating broad understanding physiological mechanisms clinical perspective.

Язык: Английский

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Gut–Liver Axis as a Therapeutic Target for Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(2), С. 1219 - 1236

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a disease that remains difficult to predict and diagnose, the underlying mechanisms are yet be fully clarified. The gut–liver axis refers reciprocal interactions between gut liver, its homeostasis plays prominent role in maintaining health. It has been recently reported patients animals with DILI have disrupted axis, involving altered microbiota composition, increased intestinal permeability lipopolysaccharide translocation, decreased short-chain fatty acids production, impaired bile acid metabolism homeostasis. present review will summarize evidence from both clinical preclinical studies about of pathogenesis DILI. Moreover, we focus attention on potential therapeutic strategies for based improving function, including herbs phytochemicals, probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, postbiotics, acids, Farnesoid X receptor agonists.

Язык: Английский

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Paeoniae Decoction restores intestinal barrier dysfunction by promoting the interaction between ILC3 and gut flora

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 132, С. 155873 - 155873

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Link Between Mucin 2 and Weaning Stress-Related Diarrhoea in Piglets

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 599 - 599

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

To explore the relationship between intestinal mucin 2 (MUC2) and weaning-induced diarrhoea in piglets, we analysed Min Landrace piglets. The piglets were divided into a healthy weaned group, unweaned control group. Intestinal tissues collected, goblet cell numbers, sizes, degrees of injury observed recorded. tissue MUC2 mRNA protein expression via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) Western blotting. pigs presented significantly lower rates scores than (p < 0.01). group greater those groups 0.05), with consistently exhibiting pigs. Specifically, duodenal notably both duodenum jejunum These findings reveal enhanced protection against weaning stress pigs, elevated levels likely contributing to milder symptoms, thus highlighting influence genetic differences.

Язык: Английский

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Atractyloside-A ameliorates spleen deficiency diarrhea in mice by modulating Lactobacillus johnsonii to enhance butyrate production, activating GPR43, and inhibiting the assembly of NLRP3

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Background Spleen-deficiency diarrhea (SDD) is recognized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment, primarily characterized by chronic and persistent diarrhea, akin to classifications Western medicine. The disruption of the intestinal barrier appearance inflammation are direct causes occurrence SDD. Therefore, restoring integrity reducing an important strategy for relieving Atractyloside-A (AA), major bioactive compound derived from post-processing Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., crucial component that enhances spleen-strengthening effects following processing this herb. Previous studies have indicated AA effective treating SDD through modulation gut microbiota; however, specific molecular mechanisms underlying effect remain unclear. This study aimed elucidate pathways which exerts its therapeutic on Results showed significantly increased abundance Lactobacillus johnsonii, promoted butyrate production, enhanced GPR43 expression, modulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. inhibited assembly NLRP3 inflammasome, alleviated inflammation, reversed mucin synthesis damage, reduced pathological symptoms associated with Moreover, administration NaB, SCFAs individually resulted significant improvements various SDD-related phenotypes. However, beneficial NaB were abolished AAV-shGPR43. Conclusion production regulating activates GPR43, inhibits inflammasome pathway, thereby ameliorating mice.

Язык: Английский

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A review of pharmacological mechanisms, challenges and prospects of macromolecular glycopeptides

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 140294 - 140294

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Relationship between mucin gene polymorphisms and different types of gallbladder stones

BMC Medical Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Gallstones, a common surgical condition globally, affect around 20% of patients. The development gallstones is linked to abnormal cholesterol and bilirubin metabolism, reduced gallbladder function, insulin resistance, biliary infections, genetic factors. In addition these factors, research has shown that mucins play role in gallstone formation. This study aims explore the connection between different types mucin gene polymorphisms. For this purpose, total 121 patients with stones PNS 107 healthy controls were enrolled case–control study. One SNPs (rs4072037) MUC1 gene、 three (rs2856111、rs41532344、rs41349846) MUC2 gene、four (rs712005、rs2246980、rs2258447、rs2259292) MUC4 gene、seven (rs28415193、rs56047977、rs2037089、rs2075854、rs3829224、rs2672785、rs2735709) MUC5 gene、eight (rs10902268、rs61869016、rs573849895、rs59257210、rs7396383、rs74644072、rs7481521、rs9704308) MUC6 gene、five (rs10229731、rs73168398、rs4729655、rs55903219、rs74974199) MUC17 gene. We amplified SNP sites by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer sets followed DNA sequencing. frequencies rs2856111 C/T genotype (OR = 3.81, 95%CI: 1.06–13.68) was higher than control group. rs10229731 A/C 0.33, 0.12–0.95), rs73168398 G/A 0.26, 0.07–0.98), rs10902268 0.40, 0.17–0.95) at lower controls. rs41532344 T allele 2.55, 1.06–6.13), rs712005 G 2.51, 1.20–5.22), MUC5B rs2037089 C 3.54, 1.14–11.01) MUC5AC rs28415193 1.77, 1.02–3.07) A 0.004, 0.00–0.27), rs61869016 0.07, 0.01–0.63) Polymorphisms formation stones. allele, found predispose individuals disease. identified as protective Meanwhile, CT AC genotype, GA

Язык: Английский

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