Coxiella burnetii in ticks, livestock, pets and wildlife: A mini-review

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2022

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterium with an obligatory intracellular lifestyle and has worldwide distribution. the causative agent of Q fever in humans coxiellosis animals. Since its discovery 1935, it been shown to infect wide range animal species including mammals, birds, reptiles, arthropods. infection public veterinary health economic concern due potential for rapid spread highly infectious nature. Livestock are primary source C. most outbreaks which occurs mainly through inhalation contaminated particles. Aside from livestock, many cases linked exposure wildlife. Changes dynamics human-wildlife interactions may lead increased risk interspecies transmission contribute emergence/re-emergence fever. Although airborne, ticks act as vectors play important role natural cycle among wild vertebrates livestock. In this review, we aim compile available information on vectors, domestic, hosts , highlight their bacterial reservoirs .

Язык: Английский

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Revealing the uncharacterised diversity of amphibian and reptile viruses

ISME Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2022

Abstract Amphibians and non-avian reptiles represent a significant proportion of terrestrial vertebrates, however knowledge their viruses is not proportional to abundance. Many amphibians have strict habitual environments localised populations are vulnerable viral outbreaks potential elimination as result. We sought identify that were hidden in amphibian reptile metatranscriptomic data by screening 235 RNA-sequencing datasets from 122 species covering 25 countries. identified 26 novel eight previously characterised fifteen different families. Twenty-five had RNA genomes with identity Arteriviridae, Tobaniviridae, Hantaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Astroviridae, Arenaviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae Caliciviridae. In addition viruses, we also screened for DNA transcripts, which commonly excluded transcriptomic analysis. ten Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae Adomaviridae. With the these expand global virome new potentially pathogenic could challenge populations. speculate often simpler than those amniotes, case Secondpapillomavirinae Orthomyxoviridae this study. addition, find evidence inter-family recombination members recombinant Adomaviridae family. Overall, provide insights into uncharacterised diversity aim improving population management, treatment conservation future.

Язык: Английский

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Detection of Leishmania tarentolae in lizards, sand flies and dogs in southern Italy, where Leishmania infantum is endemic: hindrances and opportunities

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Abstract Background Leishmania tarentolae is a protozoan isolated from geckoes ( Tarentola annularis , mauritanica ), which considered non-pathogenic and transmitted by herpetophilic Sergentomyia spp. sand flies. This species occurs in sympatry with infantum areas where canine leishmaniasis endemic. In the present study, we investigated circulation of L. flies, dogs lizards dog shelter southern Italy, Methods Sheltered n = 100) negative for (March 2020) were screened immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) using promastigotes both at two time points (June 2020 March 2021). Whole blood dogs, tissues Podarcis siculus 28) flies 2306) also sampled tested duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR). Host meal was assessed PCR. Results Overall, 16 became positive and/or IFAT one or sampling periods. One sample whilst dqPCR. At cytology lizard blood, amastigote-like forms detected erythrocytes. Twenty-two tissue samples, mostly lung (21.4%), scored molecularly corresponding to 10 (i.e., 35.7%). Of female minuta 1252), 158 four co-infected. Two Phlebotomus perniciosus (out 29 females) . Engorged S. 10) fed on humans, P. lagomorphs. Conclusions Dogs lacertid ) herein found first infected The detection suggests their sympatric circulation, potential overlap vertebrate hosts. interactions between should be further vectors hosts understand implications diagnosis control endemic areas. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Rewilding in cold blood: Restoring functionality in degraded ecosystems using herbivorous reptiles

Global Ecology and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 50, С. e02834 - e02834

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Rewilding constitutes an ecological recovery approach that has been promoted to restore vanished functions by replacing recently extinct or extirpated species through the reintroduction of missing introduction their non-native functional analogues. In recent years we have witnessed many rewilding projects worldwide, with emphasis on re/introducing large-bodied mammals (megafauna) in order top-down trophic interactions and associated cascades promote self-regulating biodiverse ecosystems (i.e., rewilding). However, this large-sized conservation initiatives ignored importance other taxa, such as reptiles, which can equally serve potential candidates projects. There appears be a gap scientific literature regard effect different taxa play equal important roles ecosystem functionality restoration. Consequently, there is need for comprehensive systematic review subject. Here, highlight significance using focusing herbivorous species, purpose restoration; discuss how taxonomic bias led uneven goals certain vertebrate groups. Finally, outline consequences reptilian under global warming relate group may fare these initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the “festa Dei serpari” in Cocullo, Italy

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(2), С. e0011973 - e0011973

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

While in much of the Western world snakes are feared, small, rural, mountainous town Cocullo, middle central Italy, annually collected and celebrated a sacro-profane ritual. Every 1st May, Serpari (snake catchers) capture showcase dozens non-venomous to celebrate ritual San Domenico. In order detect potential zoonotic pathogens within this unique epidemiological context, parasites microorganisms harvested for "festa dei serpari" were investigated. Snakes (n = 112) examined ectoparasites collected, as well blood feces sampled. Ectoparasites identified morpho-molecularly, coprological examination conducted through direct smear flotation. Molecular screenings performed identify samples (i.e., Mesostigmata mites, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria Cryptosporidium Giardia Leishmania spp. helminths). Overall, 28.5% (32/112) molecularly positive at least one parasite and/or microorganism. Endosymbiont Wolbachia bacteria from Macronyssidae mites vector-borne (e.g., Rickettsia, Leishmania), orally transmitted Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas), detected feces. Thus, given role tradition surveys their parasitic fauna associated may aid generate conservation policies benefit human-snake interactions, whilst preserving cultural patrimony event.

Язык: Английский

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New insights into the systematics of the afrotropical Amblyomma marmoreum complex (Acari: Ixodidae) and the genome of a novel Rickettsia africae strain using morphological and metagenomic approaches

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(3), С. 102323 - 102323

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

The Amblyomma marmoreum complex includes afrotropical species, such as sparsum, a three-host tick that parasitizes reptiles, birds, and mammals, is recognized vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium. However, the lack morphological, genetic ecological data on A. sparsum has caused considerable confusion in its identification. In this study, we used microscopy metagenomic approaches to analyze ticks collected from puff adder snake (Bitis arietans) southwest Senegal (an endemic rickettsioses area) order supplement previous morphological descriptions, provide novel genomic for complex, describe genome spotted fever group Rickettsia strain. Based stereoscope scanning electron (SEM) evaluations, high-quality images new insights about punctation enameling adult male facilitate identification future studies. approach allowed us assembly complete mitochondrial well nearly entire chromosome plasmid sequences africae Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated close relationship between nuttalli first time confirmed position within complex. Our results into systematics diversity R. Afrotropical region. Future studies should consider possibility may be africae.

Язык: Английский

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Leishmania spp. in Squamata reptiles from the Mediterranean basin

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(5), С. 2856 - 2866

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2021

Leishmania tarentolae is a nonpathogenic trypanosomatid species isolated from geckoes in the Mediterranean basin. In Italy, L. and infantum occur sympatry areas where canine leishmaniosis (CanL) endemic. Here, we investigated prevalence distribution of reptilian hosts presence same animals southern Italy. From April 2020 to 2021, lizards snakes were captured urban, peri-urban sites, natural parks, dog shelters. Blood was individually sampled assessed for spp. by cytology and/or molecular biology. Captured euthanized their tissues/organs tested duplex real-time-PCR detection positive ones amplified conventional PCR confirm identification sequencing. Samples also screened real-time kDNA minicircle. Of 259 collected Squamata reptiles, 34 (13.1%) specimens scored spp., with 10% (n = 26) 3.1% 8). Positive mostly Podarcis siculus shelters, six infantum. addition, detected one filfolensis lizard, five T. mauritanica geckos (with gecko P. lizard showing amastigote-like forms thrombocytes), whereas mauritanica, Hemidactylus turcicus. Data herein reported demostrate that saurian reptiles living CanL endemic basin may be exposed both indicating sympatric circulation these different vertebrate hosts. Moreover, this study represents first evidence infection European reptiles.

Язык: Английский

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Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae isolation and sympatric occurrence with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in geckoes, dogs and sand flies

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(8), С. e0010650 - e0010650

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2022

The trypanosomatid protist Leishmania tarentolae is a saurian-associated parasite vectored by the Sergentomyia minuta sand fly. This study aimed to confirm circulation of L . infantum and in flies, reptiles dogs isolate new strains these protists. Reptilian sheltered dog blood samples were collected, flies captured. Samples tested for spp. using duplex real-time PCR (dqPCR) (qPCR); origin meal was identified engorged conventional PCR. reptilian intestinal content fly females cultured. Dog sera IFAT both species. Four Tarentola mauritanica geckoes molecularly positive or , with no co-infections; moreover, amastigote-like forms observed bone marrow. 24/294 scored dqPCR, 21 S two Phlebotomus perniciosus while only single Ph Blood analysis confirmed reptile human neglectus Two axenic obtained. Twelve 19 three them also six qPCR. These data sympatric geckoes, dogs, suggest that may be infected

Язык: Английский

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Snakes and Souks: Zoonotic pathogens associated to reptiles in the Marrakech markets, Morocco

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(7), С. e0011431 - e0011431

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, aim this study was to identify parasites pathogens present blood feces associated with handled Marrakech assess risk transmission within reptile-human interface. Privately owned ( n = 118), coming from vendors charmers, were examined sampled. DNA extracted molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) performed aiming potentially (i.e., Anaplasma / Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii , Babesia/Theileria Cryptosporidium Giardia Leishmania Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) positive at least one pathogen. In blood, spp. detected four snakes, two Montpellier snakes phagocytophilum while Mediterranean chameleon puff adders. tarentolae molecularly snake. feces, cox 1 gene generated myriad sequences nematodes, cestodes, fungi bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris identified chameleon. nPCR yielded sample sp. apodemus genotype I) Moroccan worm lizard, well bacteria such Pseudomonas aeruginosa an Egyptian cobra, Morganella morganii adder. Results demonstrated microorganisms brought souks Morocco, be medicinal charming, being direct straight contact humans.

Язык: Английский

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Zoonotic Parasites in Reptiles, with Particular Emphasis on Potential Zoonoses in Australian Reptiles

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(2), С. 88 - 98

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Zoonotic infections are a major public health issue, but reptiles generally overlooked as sources zoonoses compared with other classes vertebrate animals. This paper provides an overview the biology and ecologies zoonotic parasites, including helminths, arthropods protozoans from reptiles. Recent Findings Reptile include parasites wide range taxa, variety different infection routes. In particular, Australia’s diverse reptile fauna may be harbouring varying degrees potential, basic ecology many those poorly known. Summary While some foodborne zoonoses, others acquired exposure to infective stages which have been shed into environment, especially among captive Within Australia, consumption meat is rare in comparison parts world, increasing popularity pets means that trade become key source emerging future.

Язык: Английский

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