Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

Cell Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(6), С. 492 - 506

Опубликована: Май 20, 2020

Abstract The interplay between the commensal microbiota and mammalian immune system development function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis disease. microbiome plays critical roles training of major components host’s innate adaptive system, while orchestrates maintenance key features host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances microbiota-immunity under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute pathogenesis multitude immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review microbiome-immunity crosstalk their health disease, providing examples molecular mechanisms orchestrating these intestine extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects current knowledge, challenges limitations achieving causal understanding host immune-microbiome interactions, as well impact on diseases, discuss how insights may translate towards future microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity

Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 15(1), С. 123 - 147

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2019

Macrophages are a diverse set of cells present in all body compartments. This diversity is imprinted by their ontogenetic origin (embryonal versus adult bone marrow-derived cells); the organ context; activation or deactivation various signals contexts microbial invasion, tissue damage, and metabolic derangement; polarization adaptive T cell responses. Classic responses macrophages include tolerance, priming, wide spectrum states, including M1, M2, M2-like. Moreover, can retain long-term imprinting encounters (trained innate immunity). Single-cell analysis mononuclear phagocytes health disease has added new dimension to our understanding macrophage differentiation activation. Epigenetic landscapes, transcription factors, microRNA networks underlie adaptability different environmental cues. Macrophage plasticity, an essential component chronic inflammation, its involvement human diseases, most notably cancer, discussed here as paradigm.

Язык: Английский

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The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 72(3), С. 558 - 577

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2019

The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between gut and its microbiota, liver, resulting from integration of signals generated by dietary, genetic environmental factors. This reciprocal interaction is established portal vein which enables transport gut-derived products directly liver feedback route bile antibody secretion intestine. intestinal mucosal vascular barrier functional anatomical structure that serves as a playground for interactions limiting systemic dissemination microbes toxins while allowing nutrients access circulation reach liver. control microbial communities critical maintaining homeostasis axis, part this communication shapes communities. Alcohol disrupts at multiple interconnected levels, including microbiome, mucus barrier, epithelial level antimicrobial peptide production, increases exposure proinflammatory environment Growing evidence indicates pathogenetic role microbe-derived metabolites, such trimethylamine, secondary acids, short-chain fatty acids ethanol, in pathogenesis non-alcoholic disease. Cirrhosis itself associated with profound alterations microbiota damage different levels defence epithelial, immune barriers. relevance severe disturbance cirrhosis has been linked translocation live bacteria, bacterial infections disease progression. identification elements primarily damaged each chronic offers possibilities intervention. Beyond antibiotics, upcoming therapies centred on include new generations probiotics, metabolites (postbiotics), faecal transplantation, carbon nanoparticles. FXR-agonists target both are currently being tested diseases. Finally, synthetic biotic medicines, phages specific bacteria or create physical barriers offer therapeutic approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Ulcerative colitis

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 80(1), С. 37 - 49

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2020

In recent years, the importance of gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component physiology. Owing to use modern sequencing approaches, characterisation microbiome healthy individuals disease demonstrated disturbance microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The establishes symbiotic crosstalk their host: commensal microbes benefit from nutrient-rich environment provided by produces hundreds proteins metabolites that modulate functions host, including nutrient processing, maintenance energy homoeostasis immune system development. Many bacteria-derived originate dietary sources. Among them, an important attributed derived bacterial fermentation fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition intestinal maintenance. are fuels for epithelial cells (IEC) regulate IEC through different mechanisms proliferation, differentiation well subpopulations such enteroendocrine cells, impact motility strengthen barrier metabolism. Recent findings show SCFA, particular butyrate, also immuno-modulatory functions. this review, we discuss on immunity consequently health.

Язык: Английский

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Human Monocyte Subsets and Phenotypes in Major Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2019

Human monocytes are divided in three major populations; classical (CD14+CD16-), non-classical (CD14dimCD16+), and intermediate (CD14+CD16+). Each of these subsets is distinguished from each other by the expression distinct surface markers their functions homeostasis disease. In this review, we discuss most up-to-date phenotypic classification human that has been greatly aided application novel single-cell transcriptomic mass cytometry technologies. Furthermore, shed light on role plastic immune cells already recognized emerging chronic diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer's Our aim to provide an insight into contribution progression diseases highlight candidacy potential therapeutic cell targets.

Язык: Английский

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Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection

Immunity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 51(5), С. 794 - 811

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Ulcerative colitis

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 402(10401), С. 571 - 584

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The immunology of sepsis

Immunity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 54(11), С. 2450 - 2464

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Targeting immune cell circuits and trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(8), С. 970 - 979

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2019

Язык: Английский

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