Foods,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(18), P. 2863 - 2863
Published: Sept. 15, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
and
their
metabolites
could
play
an
important
role
in
health
diseases
of
human
beings.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
are
mainly
produced
by
microbiome
fermentation
dietary
fiber
also
be
bacteria
the
skin
vagina.
Acetate,
propionate,
butyrate
three
major
SCFAs,
bioactivities
have
been
widely
studied.
SCFAs
many
benefits,
such
as
anti-inflammatory,
immunoregulatory,
anti-obesity,
anti-diabetes,
anticancer,
cardiovascular
protective,
hepatoprotective,
neuroprotective
activities.
This
paper
summarizes
benefits
side
effects
with
a
special
attention
paid
to
mechanisms
action.
provides
better
support
for
people
eating
well
ways
developed
into
functional
food
prevent
diseases.
Cell Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
30(6), P. 492 - 506
Published: May 20, 2020
Abstract
The
interplay
between
the
commensal
microbiota
and
mammalian
immune
system
development
function
includes
multifold
interactions
in
homeostasis
disease.
microbiome
plays
critical
roles
training
of
major
components
host’s
innate
adaptive
system,
while
orchestrates
maintenance
key
features
host-microbe
symbiosis.
In
a
genetically
susceptible
host,
imbalances
microbiota-immunity
under
defined
environmental
contexts
are
believed
to
contribute
pathogenesis
multitude
immune-mediated
disorders.
Here,
we
review
microbiome-immunity
crosstalk
their
health
disease,
providing
examples
molecular
mechanisms
orchestrating
these
intestine
extra-intestinal
organs.
We
highlight
aspects
current
knowledge,
challenges
limitations
achieving
causal
understanding
host
immune-microbiome
interactions,
as
well
impact
on
diseases,
discuss
how
insights
may
translate
towards
future
microbiome-targeted
therapeutic
interventions.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 123 - 147
Published: Sept. 18, 2019
Macrophages
are
a
diverse
set
of
cells
present
in
all
body
compartments.
This
diversity
is
imprinted
by
their
ontogenetic
origin
(embryonal
versus
adult
bone
marrow-derived
cells);
the
organ
context;
activation
or
deactivation
various
signals
contexts
microbial
invasion,
tissue
damage,
and
metabolic
derangement;
polarization
adaptive
T
cell
responses.
Classic
responses
macrophages
include
tolerance,
priming,
wide
spectrum
states,
including
M1,
M2,
M2-like.
Moreover,
can
retain
long-term
imprinting
encounters
(trained
innate
immunity).
Single-cell
analysis
mononuclear
phagocytes
health
disease
has
added
new
dimension
to
our
understanding
macrophage
differentiation
activation.
Epigenetic
landscapes,
transcription
factors,
microRNA
networks
underlie
adaptability
different
environmental
cues.
Macrophage
plasticity,
an
essential
component
chronic
inflammation,
its
involvement
human
diseases,
most
notably
cancer,
discussed
here
as
paradigm.
Journal of Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 558 - 577
Published: Oct. 15, 2019
The
gut-liver
axis
refers
to
the
bidirectional
relationship
between
gut
and
its
microbiota,
liver,
resulting
from
integration
of
signals
generated
by
dietary,
genetic
environmental
factors.
This
reciprocal
interaction
is
established
portal
vein
which
enables
transport
gut-derived
products
directly
liver
feedback
route
bile
antibody
secretion
intestine.
intestinal
mucosal
vascular
barrier
functional
anatomical
structure
that
serves
as
a
playground
for
interactions
limiting
systemic
dissemination
microbes
toxins
while
allowing
nutrients
access
circulation
reach
liver.
control
microbial
communities
critical
maintaining
homeostasis
axis,
part
this
communication
shapes
communities.
Alcohol
disrupts
at
multiple
interconnected
levels,
including
microbiome,
mucus
barrier,
epithelial
level
antimicrobial
peptide
production,
increases
exposure
proinflammatory
environment
Growing
evidence
indicates
pathogenetic
role
microbe-derived
metabolites,
such
trimethylamine,
secondary
acids,
short-chain
fatty
acids
ethanol,
in
pathogenesis
non-alcoholic
disease.
Cirrhosis
itself
associated
with
profound
alterations
microbiota
damage
different
levels
defence
epithelial,
immune
barriers.
relevance
severe
disturbance
cirrhosis
has
been
linked
translocation
live
bacteria,
bacterial
infections
disease
progression.
identification
elements
primarily
damaged
each
chronic
offers
possibilities
intervention.
Beyond
antibiotics,
upcoming
therapies
centred
on
include
new
generations
probiotics,
metabolites
(postbiotics),
faecal
transplantation,
carbon
nanoparticles.
FXR-agonists
target
both
are
currently
being
tested
diseases.
Finally,
synthetic
biotic
medicines,
phages
specific
bacteria
or
create
physical
barriers
offer
therapeutic
approaches.
Proceedings of The Nutrition Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
80(1), P. 37 - 49
Published: April 2, 2020
In
recent
years,
the
importance
of
gut
microbiota
in
human
health
has
been
revealed
and
many
publications
have
highlighted
its
role
as
a
key
component
physiology.
Owing
to
use
modern
sequencing
approaches,
characterisation
microbiome
healthy
individuals
disease
demonstrated
disturbance
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
associated
with
pathological
conditions.
The
establishes
symbiotic
crosstalk
their
host:
commensal
microbes
benefit
from
nutrient-rich
environment
provided
by
produces
hundreds
proteins
metabolites
that
modulate
functions
host,
including
nutrient
processing,
maintenance
energy
homoeostasis
immune
system
development.
Many
bacteria-derived
originate
dietary
sources.
Among
them,
an
important
attributed
derived
bacterial
fermentation
fibres,
namely
SCFA
linking
host
nutrition
intestinal
maintenance.
are
fuels
for
epithelial
cells
(IEC)
regulate
IEC
through
different
mechanisms
proliferation,
differentiation
well
subpopulations
such
enteroendocrine
cells,
impact
motility
strengthen
barrier
metabolism.
Recent
findings
show
SCFA,
particular
butyrate,
also
immuno-modulatory
functions.
this
review,
we
discuss
on
immunity
consequently
health.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Aug. 30, 2019
Human
monocytes
are
divided
in
three
major
populations;
classical
(CD14+CD16-),
non-classical
(CD14dimCD16+),
and
intermediate
(CD14+CD16+).
Each
of
these
subsets
is
distinguished
from
each
other
by
the
expression
distinct
surface
markers
their
functions
homeostasis
disease.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
most
up-to-date
phenotypic
classification
human
that
has
been
greatly
aided
application
novel
single-cell
transcriptomic
mass
cytometry
technologies.
Furthermore,
shed
light
on
role
plastic
immune
cells
already
recognized
emerging
chronic
diseases,
such
as
obesity,
atherosclerosis,
obstructive
pulmonary
disease,
lung
fibrosis,
cancer,
Alzheimer's
Our
aim
to
provide
an
insight
into
contribution
progression
diseases
highlight
candidacy
potential
therapeutic
cell
targets.
