The characteristics of TCR CDR3 repertoire in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients

Virulence, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and large-scale administration of multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have attracted global attention to the short-term long-term effects on human immune system. An analysis "traces" left by body's T-cell response is needed, especially for prevention treatment breakthrough infections long severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant infections. receptor complementarity determining region 3 (TCR CDR3) repertoire serves as a target molecule monitoring effects, mechanisms, memory response. Furthermore, it has been extensively applied in elucidation infectious mechanism vaccine refinement hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza virus, immunodeficiency (HIV), SARS-CoV. Laboratories worldwide utilized high-throughput sequencing (HTS) scTCR-seq characterize, share, apply TCR CDR3 patients recipients. This article focuses comparative diversity, clonality, V&J gene usage pairing, length, shared sequences or motifs, other characteristics repertoire. These findings provide molecular targets evaluating impacts adaptive system following infection vaccination establish archive "traces."

Язык: Английский

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Empyemas secondary to ENT infections in children before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Neurochirurgie, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101644 - 101644

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Molecular determinants of cross-strain influenza A virus recognition by αβ T cell receptors

Science Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(104)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Cross-reactive αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing multiple peptide variants can provide effective control of rapidly evolving viruses yet remain understudied. By screening 12 naturally occurring influenza-derived HLA-B*35:01–restricted nucleoprotein (NP) 418–426 epitopes (B*35:01-NP 418 ) that emerged since 1918 within influenza A viruses, including 2024 A/H5N1 we identified functional broadly cross-reactive cells universally NP variants. Binding studies demonstrated TCR cross-reactivity was concomitant with diminished antigen sensitivity. Primary human B*35:01/NP + CD8 lines displayed reduced in the absence coreceptor binding, validating low avidity B*35:01-NP responses. Six TCR–HLA-B*35:01/NP crystal structures showed how TCRs recognized epitope Specific interactions were formed invariant and conserved peptide-HLA features, thus remaining distal from highly varied positions epitope. Our study defines molecular mechanisms associated extensive toward viral relevant to universal protective immunity against influenza.

Язык: Английский

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Age and Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection Do Not Affect the Magnitude of De Novo SARS‐CoV‐2‐Specific CD8⁺ T Cell Responses

European Journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 55(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Immunosenescence, age‐related immune dysregulation, reduces immunity upon vaccinations and infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection results in declining naïve (T ) increasing terminally differentiated emra T cell populations, further aggravating aging. Both immunosenescence CMV have been speculated to hamper the formation of protective T‐cell against novel or emerging pathogens. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic presented a unique opportunity examine impact age and/or on generation de novo SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD8 + responses 40 younger (22–40 years) 37 older (50–66 convalescent individuals. Heterotetramer combinatorial coding combined with phenotypic markers were used study 35 epitope‐specific populations directly ex vivo. Neither nor affected frequencies, despite reduced total cells ‐ Robust central memory cm detected adults regardless status. Our data demonstrate that aging status did not response. However, individuals displayed lowest stem scm ), highest PD1 suggesting age, CMV, may long‐term immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Gradual changes within long-lived influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells are associated with the loss of public TCR clonotypes in older adults

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 115, С. 105697 - 105697

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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