Comparison of protection against mpox following mRNA or modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in nonhuman primates

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(20), С. 5540 - 5553.e10

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases — advances, challenges and opportunities

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine dose significantly extends humoral immune response half-life beyond the primary series

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines continue to be administered as the predominant prophylactic measure reduce COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Quantifying kinetics of secondary immune response from subsequent doses beyond primary series and understanding how dose-dependent waning vary a function age, sex, various comorbidities remains an important question. We study anti-spike IgG in 152 individuals who received mRNA-based (first two doses) subset 137 then booster dose. find dose elicits 71–84% increase median Anti-S half life over that series. for both decreases with age. However, we stress although chronological age continues good proxy vaccine-induced humoral waning, immunosenescence is likely not mechanism, rather, more mechanism related presence noncommunicable diseases, which also accumulate affect regulation. are able independently reproduce recent observations those pre-existing asthma exhibit stronger vaccination than compared do not, further, this result sustained Finally, via single-variate Kruskal-Wallis test no difference between male female decay kinetics, however, multivariate approach utilizing Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression feature selection reveals statistically significant (p $$<1\times 10^{-3}$$ < 1 × 10 - 3 ), albeit small, bias favour longer-lasting immunity amongst males.

Язык: Английский

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The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 drove broadly increased seroprevalence in a public university setting

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. e0003893 - e0003893

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Omicron is the comparatively most transmissible and contagious variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a seroprevalence study from March 1–3, 2022, to investigate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals aged 18 years older after outbreak. The anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) was found be 96.3% (95% CI 95.2–97.2%) compared 88.2% 86.1–90%) in our previous serosurvey. For anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies, 39.1% 36.6–41.7%) 19.7% 17.5–22.2%) earlier. Individuals that experienced breakthrough infections exhibited highest levels anti-RBD antibodies. Additionally, saliva samples showed promise as potential diagnostic biofluid for measuring antibody levels, they strong agreement with data obtained serum samples. near doubling anti-NC reactivity, proxy history infection, reflects contagiousness omicron variant, but may also have been influenced by more relaxed approach precautions spring 2022. Serosurveys repeated at regular intervals monitor trend community, delineate geographical spread guide containment measures communities, prompt response future outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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Pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 among female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact globally, yet African populations exhibited unexpectedly lower rates of disease and mortality. We investigated the potential role pre-existing immunity in shaping epidemiology Africa. Methods Plasma collected from Senegalese female sex workers prior to was screened for SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by virion immunoblots. For antibody-reactive plasma, paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated fusion proteins IFN- γ cellular responses assessed via ELISPOT. Results observed substantial levels cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2, stemming exposure seasonal hCoVs. Our antibody analysis revealed 23.5% (47/200) seroprevalence rate against nucleocapsid (N). These samples then probed hCoV spike (S) and/or N antigens; 85.1% (40/47), 70.2% (33/47), 95.7% (45/47) reactive hCoV-229E, hCoV-OC43, or hCoV-HKU1, respectively. also demonstrated cross-reactivity with 80.0% (36/45) 82.2% (37/45) showing S N, A unique pre-pandemic subject detectable neutralization responses. Conclusion findings suggest that may induce adaptive immunity, potentially contributing protection COVID-19. study provides data on dynamics Senegal underscores importance understanding outcomes globally.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike following infection in individuals from Cameroon

Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 605, С. 110467 - 110467

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A promising mRNA vaccine derived from the JN.1 spike protein confers protective immunity against multiple emerged Omicron variants

Molecular Biomedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Abstract Despite the declared end of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising efficacy current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA elicited robust humoral cellular immune responses mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up six months induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared by homologous heterologous vaccination regimens, our results demonstrated that regimen—combining a recombinant (RBD JN.1 -HR)—induced stronger responses. These findings highlight constitutes effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected significantly reduce hospitalization rates mitigate post-COVID complications associated KP.3 infections. study emphasizes need timely updates adaptability vaccines addressing pathogens, providing framework combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these offer critical insights design public health strategies response variants.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 17 - 17

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. is characterized rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from development administration design availability antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, persistent circulation virus emergence new variants continue result high case numbers fatalities. In past four years, immense research efforts contributed much our understanding viral pathogenesis mechanism, syndrome, host-microbe interactions, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, treatments. focus this review provide comprehensive analysis functional impact on diagnosis, treatments, effectiveness. We further discuss safety pregnancy implications hybrid immunity long-term protection against infection, as well latest developments pan-coronavirus nasal formulations, emphasizing need for continued surveillance, research, adaptive health strategies response race.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody landscape in Norway in the late summer of 2022: high seroprevalence in all age groups with patterns of primary Omicron infection in children and hybrid immunity in adults

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

According to Norwegian registries, 91% of individuals ≥ 16 years had received 1 dose COVID-19 vaccine by mid-July 2022, whereas less than 2% children < 12 were vaccinated. Confirmed was reported for 27% the population, but relaxation testing lead substantial underreporting. We have characterized humoral immunity SARS-CoV-2 in Norway late summer 2022 estimating seroprevalence and identifying antibody profiles based on reactivity Wuhan or Omicron-like viruses a nationwide cross-sectional collection residual sera, validated our findings using cohort sera.

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the Landscape of B Cell Mediated Immunity and Antibody Monitoring in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy: Tools, Strategies and Clinical Trial Insights

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(10), С. 1089 - 1089

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024

Correlates of Protection (CoP) are biomarkers above a defined threshold that can replace clinical outcomes as primary endpoints, predicting vaccine effectiveness to support the approval new vaccines or follow up studies. In context COVID-19 vaccination, CoPs help address challenges such demonstrating in special populations, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants determining durability vaccine-elicited immunity. While anti-spike IgG titres and viral neutralising capacity have been characterised for contribution other components humoral immune response immediate long-term protective immunity is less well characterised. This review examines evidence supporting use trials, how they be used define It also highlights alternative biomarkers, including Fc effector function, mucosal immunity, generation long-lived plasma memory B cells discuss these applied studies tools available study them.

Язык: Английский

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